南京市噪声作业人员听力损失情况及其影响因素分析

目的 分析南京市噪声岗位作业人员职业健康体检的纯音听力测试(pure tone audiometry,PTA)结果，以期对职业性噪声聋的防治提供科学依据。方法 以2020年1月1日至10月31日在南京市职业病防治院进行职业健康体检并进行PTA的6 614名噪声作业人员为研究对象，询问一般情况、职业史和病史，进行体格检查、PTA、实验室检查等。双耳各频阈值比较采用t检验，双耳各频异常检出率比较采用χ²检验，采用二元Logistic回归分析噪声性听力损失(noise-induced hearing loss,NIHL)的危险因素。结果 6 614名噪声作业人员中，听阈测试异常1 779例，占26.90%。NIHL有678例，占10.25%。不同性别、合并有害因素、吸烟、饮酒的噪声作业人员NIHL检出率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01),NIHL检出率随着年龄、接噪工龄增加而增加(均P<0.01)，而血压正常组和血压异常组检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示，男性(OR=2.305)、年龄≥31岁(OR=2.1...

Hearing loss and its influencing factors of noise exposed workers in Nanjing

Objective To analyze the pure tone audiometry （PTA） results of the occupational health examinations for noise exposed workers, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of occupational noise-induced deafness. Methods A total of 6 614 noise exposed workers who underwent occupational health examination and PTA in Nanjing Hospital for Occupational Diseases Prevention and Treatment from January 1 to October 31, 2020 were enrolled in the study. Collected their general information, occupational history and medical history, and conducted physical examination, PTA, laboratory examination, etc. The thresholds of binaural frequencies were compared by Student's t test, and the abnormal detection rates of binaural frequencies were compared by Chi-square test. The risk factors of noise-induced hearing loss （NIHL） were analyzed by binary Logistic regression analysis. Results Among 6 614 noise exposed workers, 1 779 cases had abnormal hearing threshold test, accounting for 26.90%, 678 cases with NIHL, accounting for 10.25%. There were significant differences in the detection rate of NIHL among noise exposed workers of different gender, combined with harmful factors, smoking and drinking （all P<0.01）. The detection rate of NIHL increased with the increasing of age and noise exposure length of service （both P<0.01）, but there was no significant difference between normal blood pressure group and abnormal blood pressure group （P>0.05）. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that male（OR=2.305）, age ≥ 31 years（OR=2.136, 5.839, 6.294）, working years exposed to noise ≥35 years（OR=1.994）, smoking（OR=1.259）, and exposure to welding dust（OR=1.906） were risk factors for NIHL. Conclusions Many factors causes hearing loss of noise exposed workers. People with hearing loss should be found as early as possible, and education on protection and tobacco control should be strengthened to reduce hearing loss.