北京市房山区164名中小学生膳食营养摄入状况分析

目的调查北京市房山区中小学生膳食营养摄入状况,为房山区学生改善营养提供科学依据。方法对北京市房山区中小学生进行膳食调查,采用3 d 24 h膳食回顾结合家庭调味品称重法,依据中国食物成分表计算每日食物消费及营养素摄入状况。结果共调查北京市房山区中小学生164名,男生91名,女生73名,平均年龄(8.93±2.21)岁。中小学生水产品类、奶及奶制品、大豆类及其制品、蔬菜水果类摄入不足,畜禽肉类、盐摄入过多。能量平均摄入量为1710.30 kcal,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物平均摄入量分别为61.57、72.21、211.48 g,供能比分别占14.38%、37.95%和47.68%。中小学生维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、硒平均摄入量达到推荐摄入量(RNI)的比例分别为34.8%、27.4%、33.5%、24.4%和47.0%。仅2.4%的学生钙摄入量达到了RNI,超过一半的学生铁、锌、铜平均摄入量达到RNI。其中,女生铁摄入量达到RNI的比例低于男生(P<0.05)。结论北京市房山区中小学生膳食结构不合理、微量营养素摄入不足,需加强学生、家长、学校食堂营养宣教,有针对性地改善学生营养状况。

Dietary nutrition intake of 164 primary and middle school students in Fangshan District,Beijing

Objective To investigate the dietary nutrition intake of 164 primary and middle school students in Fangshan District, Beijing, and to provide scientific basis for the improvement of students' nutrition. Methods A dietary survey was conducted among primary and middle school students in Fangshan District, Beijing. The daily food consumption and nutrients intake were calculated according to the Chinese food composition table by using 3 d 24 h dietary review combined with family condiment weighing method. Results A total of 164 primary and middle school students in Fangshan District, Beijing were investigated, including 91 boys and 73 girls, with an average age of （8.93±2.21） years. The intakes of aquatic products, milk and dairy products, beans and their products, vegetables and fruits were insufficient. The intakes of livestock and poultry meat and salt were excessive. The average intake of energy was 1 710.30 kcal, the average intake of protein, fat and carbohydrate were 61.57, 72.21 and 211.48 g, and the energy supply ratio accounted for 14.38%, 37.95% and 47.68%, respectively. The rates of students who met the recommended nutrient intake （RNI） of vitamin A, vitamin B₁, vitamin B₂, vitamin C and selenium were 34.8%, 27.4%, 33.5%, 24.4% and 47.0%, respectively. Only 2.4% of the students met the RNI of calcium. More than half of the students met the RNI of iron, zinc and copper. The rate of girls who met the RNI of iron was lower than the boys（P<0.05）. Conclusion The dietary pattern of primary and middle school students in Fangshan District, Beijing is unreasonable, and the intakes of micronutrients are insufficient. Therefore, nutrition education among students, parents and school canteens should be strengthened to improve the nutritional status of students.