尘肺病并发自发性气胸患者营养状况及其对疾病影响

  目的  分析尘肺病并发自发性气胸患者的一般临床指标及相关营养状况，探讨尘肺病并发气胸的主要影响因素。
  方法  回顾分析2016—2020年收治的114例尘肺病患者，分为尘肺病并发自发性气胸组（n=30）和单纯尘肺病组（n=84），比较两组体质量指数（BMI）、血红蛋白、胆固醇、甘油三酯、空腹血糖、血清白蛋白等营养情况。
  结果  尘肺病并发自发性气胸组患者BMI和血清白蛋白水平分别为（19.31 ± 2.88）kg/m2和（36.95 ± 4.28）g，均低于单纯尘肺病组的（22.96 ± 3.43）kg/m2和（40.39 ± 4.33）g（P < 0.01）。多因素logistic分析结果发现:年龄大（OR=0.803）、BMI高（OR=0.534）、血清白蛋白高（OR=0.546）、平均病程长（OR=0.369）是尘肺病患者并发自发性气胸的保护因素（P < 0.05）；而尘肺病叁期（OR=126.914）是尘肺病患者并发自发性气胸的危险因素（P < 0.05）。
  结论  劳动者在日常工作中注重防护，尘肺病患者平时加强蛋白质类营养的补充，均可减少尘肺病患者发生气胸的可能。

Nutritional status of pneumoconiosis patients complicated with spontaneous pneumothorax and its influence on disease progress

  Objective  To analyze the general clinical indicators and related nutritional status of pneumoconiosis patients complicated with spontaneous pneumothorax, and to explore the main influencing factors of pneumoconiosis patients complicated with spontaneous pneumothorax.  Methods  A total of 114 patients with pneumoconiosis admitted from 2016 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into pneumoconiosis complicated with spontaneous pneumothorax group(n = 30)and simple pneumoconiosis group (n = 84). The body mass index(BMI), hemoglobin, cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, serum albumin and other nutritional status of the patients in two groups were compared.  Results  The BMI and serum albumin levels of pneumoconiosis patients complicated with spontaneous pneumothorax were(19.31 ± 2.88) kg/m2 and(36.95 ± 4.28)g, respectively, which were lower than those of patients with simple pneumoconiosis(22.96 ± 3.43) kg/m2 and (40.39 ± 4.33) g (P < 0.01). The multivariate logistic analysis showed that older age (OR = 0.803), higher BMI (OR = 0.534), higher serum albumin(OR = 0.546) and longer average course of disease(OR = 0.369) were protective factors fhorax； the third stage of pneumoconiosis (OR = 126.914) was the risk factor of spontaneous pneumothorax in pneumoconiosis patients.  Conclusions  Pneumoconiosis patients should strengthen their protein nutrition supplement at ordinary times, which could reduce the possibility of pneumothorax in pneumoconiosis patients.