云南勐海县一起人间鼠疫疫情的调查处置分析

目的 对2020年勐海县1起人间鼠疫疫情的调查处置进行分析,为完善家鼠鼠疫的监测和防控提供依据。方法 采用病例个案调查、宿主媒介监测等流行病学方法开展调查,对患者的血液、淋巴结穿刺液以及采集的鼠类标本进行细菌学检测、抗原检测和荧光定量PCR检测;对患者的血清进行抗体检测;采用灭鼠、灭蚤等综合措施对疫区进行处置。结果 本次疫情共确诊1例腺鼠疫病例,从黄胸鼠分离到鼠疫杆菌10株;通过采取患者隔离治疗、环境卫生整治,灭鼠、灭蚤等综合处置措施,疫情得到及时有效控制。结论 本例人间鼠疫病例感染来源是当地鼠间鼠疫,跳蚤叮咬可能为其感染途径。及时有效控制鼠间鼠疫疫情是家鼠鼠疫防控的关键。

Investigation and handling of a human plague epidemic outbreak in Menghai County,Yunnan

This study analyzed the investigation and handling of a human plague epidemic in Menghai County, Yunnan Province, in 2020, to provide data for improving surveillance, prevention and control of the commensal rodent plague. A field epidemiological survey was conducted through case investigation, and host vector monitoring was used to identify the infection route. The field epidemiological investigation involved case investigation and host vector surveillance. The blood and lymph node puncture fluid from patients and collected rodent samples were subjected to bacterial detection, antigen detection and real-time PCR detection. The patient sera were subjected to antibody detection. Comprehensive measures such as rodent and flea control were conducted in the epidemic area. One case of bubonic plague was confirmed in this epidemic, and ten strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated from Rattus tanezumi. The epidemic has been effectively controlled in a timely manner through comprehensive measures, such as patient isolation and treatment, environmental sanitation, and rodent and flea control. The human plague epidemic arose from rodent plague, and biting by bacterium-bearing fleas might have been the transmission route. Timely and effective control of the rat plague epidemic are key measures for the prevention and control of commensal rodent plague.