神经型布鲁氏菌病发病机制的研究进展

布鲁氏菌病是由布鲁氏菌侵入机体引起的一种人兽共患的自然疫源性传染病，在全世界范围内广泛分布，可累及全身各个系统，临床表现复杂多样、轻重不等。当布鲁氏菌侵入神经系统引起的炎症性疾病称作神经型布鲁氏菌病，神经炎是这种疾病的重要特征，主要表现为脑膜炎、脑膜脑炎、脑脊髓膜炎、脊髓炎、急性脑血管病、周围神经病、多发性神经根神经炎等。神经型布鲁氏菌病的发病机制至今尚不明确，目前也没有确切的诊断标准，其临床症状、脑脊液检验及影像学表现不典型，常与其他神经系统疾病混淆，容易漏诊及误诊。为了提高临床工作者对神经型布鲁氏菌病的认识及重视，本文将对神经型布鲁氏菌病的临床特点及可能的发病机制进行综述，以期为神经型布鲁氏菌病的研究及治疗提供新的思路和方向。

Research progress in the pathogenesis of neurobrucellosis

Brucellosis is a zoonotic natural infectious disease caused by invasion of the body by Brucella. It is widely distributed worldwide and can affect all systems of the body. The clinical manifestations are complex, with varying severity. When brucellosis invades the nervous system, it causes an inflammatory disease called neurobrucellosis. Neuritis is an important feature of this disease, mainly manifested as meningitis, meningoencephalitis, cerebrospinal meningitis, myelitis, acute cerebrovascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, multiple radiculoneuritis and so on. The pathogenesis of neurobrucellosis remains unclear, and no exact diagnostic standards are currently available. Clinical symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid test findings and imaging manifestations are not typical, and brucellosis is often confused with other neurological diseases, thus resulting in easily missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses. To improve clinical workers? understanding of, and attention to, neurobrucellosis, the clinical characteristics and potential mechanisms of pathogenesis of neurobrucellosis are summarized herein to enable deeper understanding of the development of neurobrucellosis, and provide new ideas and directions for neurobrucellosis research and treatment.