自贡市2016-2021年布鲁氏菌病暴发疫情特征分析

目的 分析自贡市2016-2021年布鲁氏菌病暴发疫情特点,为非牧区布病聚集性疫情控制提供依据。方法 对2016-2021年自贡市布鲁氏菌病暴发进行现场调查,筛查重点及高危人群和涉及牲畜,分析疫情发生原因及特点,采取相应控制措施。结果 2016-2021年共报告4起布鲁氏菌病本地暴发疫情,涉及20例患者。病例共同暴露者筛查阳性率14.67%(11/76),畜间血清学筛查阳性率16.67%(19/114);MLVA分析显示分离到菌株与北京、宁夏分离菌株同源性为90.6%。结论 2016-2021年自贡布病疫情传染源均为病羊,食用未煮熟羊肉、私下引种(交易)山羊及无防护屠宰加工是引起布鲁氏菌病暴发的主要原因,应强化国内重点地区牲畜引种、畜产品交易的检疫力度,加强对职业人群的监测工作,开展重点人群的知识宣传。

Epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis outbreaks in Zigong, 2016-2021

This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis outbreaks in Zigong. We performed a field investigation of all brucellosis outbreaks from 2016 to 2021, screened the high-risk groups and related livestock, and analyzed the causes and characteristics of the epidemic, to guide control measures. A total of four brucellosis outbreaks involving 20 cases were reported from 2016 to 2021. The positivity rate of serological screening was 14.67% (11/76) among high-risk groups, and 16.67% (19/114) among livestock. MLVA analysis indicated that the five isolated Brucella strains showed 90.6% sequence identity to the strains isolated in Beijing and Ningxia. From 2016 to 2021, infected sheep/goats were the source of brucellosis outbreaks in Zigong. The main causes of infection included consumption of undercooked mutton, illegal transaction of goats and unprotected slaughtering. Therefore, quarantining of sheep and livestock is necessary in areas with high brucellosis risk in China. Surveillance and education of the population with high risk occupations must also be performed.