慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者预防急性加重措施知晓率及影响因素分析

  目的  调查分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases，COPD）患者急性加重预防措施的知晓率现状及影响因素，为提高患者急性加重预防知识水平提供建议。
  方法  选取2020年3月—2021年4月绵阳市中心医院接诊的930名COPD患者作为调查对象，采用自制问卷对其进行调查，并通过多元回归分析COPD患者急性加重预防措施知晓情况的影响因素。
  结果  共发放问卷930份，回收有效问卷887份，有效回收率为95.4%。COPD患者急性加重预防措施知晓平均得分为（10.26 ± 3.02）分，知晓率是25.8%。多因素回归分析结果显示:患者年龄越大则知晓得分越低；相比大专及以上文化水平患者，小学及以下学历的知晓得分减少了1.456分；相比退伍军人患者，农民患者的知晓得分降低了1.738分；相比病程不足5年的患者，病程超过10年患者的知晓得分增加了3.089分；相比过去1年COPD急性加重0次的患者，急性加重次数≥ 2次的患者知晓得分提高了4.032分（均P < 0.05）。
  结论  COPD患者的急性加重预防措施知晓水平有待提高，应加强急性加重预防的健康宣教，以增强患者的疾病自我管理能力，降低急性发作风险。

Analysis of awareness rate and affecting factors of measures to prevent acute exacerbation of COPD patients

  Objective  To investigate the awareness rate and influencing factors of prevention measures against acute exacerbation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), so as to provide suggestions for improving the knowledge level of patients with COPD.  Methods  A total of 930 COPD patients admitted to Mianyang Central Hospital from March 2020 to April 2021 were investigated with a self -made questionnaire, and the relevant factors affecting the awareness of preventive measures for acute exacerbation of COPD patients were analyzed by multiple regression.  Results  Totally 887 valid questionnaires were recovered with response rate of 95.4%. The average score of awareness of preventive measures for acute exacerbation of COPD patients was (10.26 ± 3.02) with awareness rate of 25.8%.The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that the older the patients, the lower the awareness score. Compared with patients with college degree or above, the awareness score of other patients was decreased by 1.456 points. Compared with veteran patients, the awareness score of farmer patients was decreased by 1.738 points. Compared with patients with COPD course less than 5 years, the awareness score of patients with COPD course more than 10 years was increased by 3.089 points. Compared with patients without acute exacerbation in the past year, the awareness score of patients with acute episodes more than 2 times was increased by 4.032 points(all P < 0.05).  Conclusions  The awareness level of acute exacerbation prevention measures of COPD patients needs to be improved. Health education on acute exacerbation prevention should be strengthened to enhance COPD patients' ability of self-managing disease to reduce their COPD acute episodes.