护理专业实习生心理健康风险评估研究

目的调查评估护理专业实习生群体的心理健康风险影响因素,提升护理专业实习生的风险控制能力和心理素养,提出有效辨识护理专业实习生心理健康风险的对策建议。方法在文献回顾和实地调研基础上初步设计调查问卷,选取陕西商洛市某高校200名护理专业实习生开展心理健康风险调查。运用因子分析法对调研数据进行因子分析,实行归一化处理后获取心理健康风险各指标的权重。通过函询专家设定风险等级评估表,对研究对象的心理健康风险结果进行综合评估,并根据评估结果分别开展精准和常规心理干预。结果回收有效问卷183份,有效回收率91.5%。提取出风险认知(权重0.436)、风险心理(权重0.206)、防疫避险能力(权重0.174)、情绪调节(权重0.121)和安全倾向(权重0.063)等5个维度共13个代表性指标,构建了护理专业实习生心理健康风险评估指标体系。183名护理专业实习生心理健康风险综合评估得分为0.64分,其中风险认知0.41分,情绪调节0.61分,安全倾向0.62分,风险心理0.74分,防疫避险能力0.76分。根据风险等级,1级风险2人,2级风险21人,3级风险37人,4级风险75人,5级风险44人,6级风险3人,7级风险1人。实现心理干预后,两组人员危机事件的控制能力和心理素质水平均有所提高,但观察组效果明显高于对照组。结论该校护理专业实习生存在较大心理健康风险。应精心做好高风险学生的心理评估,提升心理健康教育的精细化水平;要坚持动态心理健康风险数据监测,重点开展风险心理和防疫避险能力的培训指导,进一步提高心理健康风险防控实效性。

Psychic risk assessment of nursing interns

  Objective  To investigate the mental health risk factors of nursing professional interns, in order to improve the risk control ability and psychological literacy of nursing professional interns, and then propose effective methods for identifying the mental health risks of nursing professional interns.  Methods  Totally 200 nursing interns from a university in Shangluo City were studied and their mental health risk was surveyed with self-designed questionnaire based on literature and field research. The data was analyzed with factor analysis method, and the weight of each index of mental health risk was obtained after normalization. The mental health risk was comprehensively assessed with the risk rating form set by the experts. Finally, the corresponding psychological interventions was carried out, a group by precise psychological intervention and another group by routine psychological care.  Results  Finally 183 valid questionnaires were collected with response rate of 91.04%. A total of 13 representative indicators were extracted from five dimensions: risk cognition (weight 0.436), risk psychology (weight 0.206), epidemic prevention and risk avoidance ability (weight 0.174), emotion regulation(weight 0.121) and safety tendency(weight 0.063). The comprehensive risk assessment score of 183 nursing interns was 0.64, and specifically risk cognition 0.41, emotion regulation 0.61, safety tendency 0.62, risk psychology 0.74 and epidemic prevention and risk avoidance ability 0.76. Based on the risk rating level, these nursing interns were assessed as 2 people with level 1, 21 people with level 2, 37 people with level 3, 75 people with level 4, 44 people with level 5, 3 people with level 6 and 1 person with level 7. After the psychological intervention, the control ability and psychological quality of the two groups were improved, but the effect in precise psychological intervention group was significantly higher.  Conclusion  The nursing intern had great mental health risk. In view of the high-risk factors, we should carefully conduct the psychological assessment of high-risk students to improve the refined level of mental health education. In the future, we should monitor psychological risk data dynamically, and focus on the training and guidance of risk psychology and epidemic prevention and avoidance capabilities to further improve effectiveness of mental health risk prevention and control.