巨噬细胞极化机制及其在常见疾病中的作用

巨噬细胞是人体天然免疫系统的重要组成部分,具有高度的可塑性,可在不同的微环境信号刺激下分化为具有促炎作用的经典活化型巨噬细胞（classical activated macrophage,M1型）和具有抗炎作用的选择性活化型巨噬细胞（alternative activated macrophage,M2型）。巨噬细胞的极化涉及许多信号通路和转录因子的调控,且M1/M2表型与肿瘤、Ⅱ型糖尿病、重症急性胰腺炎等疾病的发生发展有关。本文通过介绍与巨噬细胞极化有关的主要信号通路及常见疾病中巨噬细胞的极化状态,明确巨噬细胞的极化平衡在维持人体稳态中的重要作用,以期为相关临床研究提供新思路。

Mechanisms of macrophage polarization and its role in common diseases

Macrophages are important components in human innate immune system. They are highly plastic and can differentiate into pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 under the stimulation of different microenvironmental signals. Polarization of macrophages is regulated by many signaling pathways and transcription factors, and M1/M2 phenotype are involved in the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases, such as tumor, type Ⅱ diabetes and severe acute pancreatitis, etc. In this paper, we reviewed the main signaling pathways related to macrophage polarization and its polarization state in common disorders, and described the importance of balance of macrophage polarization in maintaining homeostasis, with an attempt to provide new ideas for related clinical research.