医疗机构护理人员肌肉骨骼患病现况及影响因素研究

目的 调查医院护理人员肌肉骨骼患病情况并分析影响因素,指导制定有效的干预措施。方法 于2021年2—6月采用肌肉骨骼疾患调查表评估郑州市二级及以上医院护理人员肌肉骨骼患病情况,同时参照快速上肢评估方法评估人体工效学负荷等级,收集护理人员的人口学资料等,分析肌肉骨骼疾患发生的影响因素。结果 最终纳入1 031名护理人员,肌肉骨骼患病率为77.21%,以颈、肩、腰部患病更多见。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示年龄（OR=1.520）、BMI≥24.0 kg/m²（OR=1.960）、有生育过（OR=1.114）、工龄（OR=2.208）、医院级别（OR=2.751）、科室（内科：OR=0.451、儿科：OR=0.671、妇产科：OR=0.184、急诊：OR=2.487、其他科室：OR=0.191）、人体工效学负荷等级（OR=2.560）是医院护理人员肌肉骨骼患病的影响因素。结论 医院护理人员肌肉骨骼患病率处于较高水平,受到多种因素影响,应当针对性采取干预措施帮助护理人员减少不良工作姿势、改善工作环境,降低肌肉骨骼患病率,提高医护人员身体健康水平。

Prevalence and influencing factors of musculoskeletal disorders among nursing staff in medical institutions

Objective To investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among nursing staff in medical institutions and analyze the influencing factors, so as to guide the development of effective interventions. Methods The musculoskeletal disorder questionnaire was used to evaluate the musculoskeletal disorders of nursing staff in the hospital from February to June 2021, at the same time, the ergonomic load level was carried out according to the rapid upper limb assessment method, the demographic data of nursing staff were collected, and the influencing factors of musculoskeletal disorders were analyzed. Results Finally, 1 031 nursing staff were included, and the prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders was 77.21%, especially in neck, shoulder and waist. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age （OR=1.520）, body mass index ≥24.0 kg/m² （OR=1.960）, fertility history （OR=1.114）, working age （OR=2.208）, hospital level （OR=2.751）, departments （internal medicine： OR=0.451, pediatrics： OR=0.671, obstetrics and gynecology： OR=0.184, emergency： OR=2.487, other departments： OR=0.191）, and ergonomic load grade （OR=2.560） were the influencing factors of musculoskeletal disorders in nursing staff. Conclusion The prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders in nursing staff is at a high level, which is affected by many factors. Intervention measures should be taken to help nursing staff reduce adverse working posture, improve working environment, then reduce the prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders and improve the health condition of medical staff.