子宫浆液性癌的分子学特征及靶向治疗研究进展

子宫浆液性癌（uterine serous carcinoma,USC）是一种特殊类型的子宫内膜癌。有别于常见的子宫内膜样腺癌,USC较为少见,且恶性程度高,侵袭转移风险高,临床上预后较差。随着子宫内膜癌分子学研究的不断深入,分子学特征被应用于子宫内膜癌的病理分型诊断、治疗和预后评价中。研究发现USC中存在多种基因的突变,这些相关基因的突变对该病的诊断和预后具有重要的指导意义。同时,特异性的分子学改变为USC的靶向治疗提供了潜在的治疗靶点。目前,多种靶向治疗手段包括人表皮生长因子受体2（human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER2）抑制剂、免疫检查点抑制剂、抗血管生成治疗、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶（phosphoinositide 3-kinases,PI3K）通路抑制剂和多腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶[poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase,PARP]抑制剂等被应用于USC的临床治疗研究中,针对性的靶向治疗有望成为USC治疗的新突破。

Research Progress on Molecular Characteristics and Targeted Therapy of Uterine Serous Carcinoma

As a special type of endometrial carcinoma, uterine serous carcinoma (USC) has high malignant degree, high risk of invasion and metastasis and poor prognosis. With the deepening of molecular research on endometrial carcinoma, molecular characteristics have been applied to the pathological diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma. A variety of gene mutations have been found in USC, which may help to guide clinical diagnosis and therapy. And the specific molecular changes provide potential therapeutic targets for USC targeted therapy. At present, a variety of targeted therapies, including HER2 inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, anti-angiogenesis therapy, PI3K pathway inhibitors, PARP inhibitors and so on, have been used in the clinical treatment of the disease. Targeted therapy is expected to become a new breakthrough in the treatment of USC.