猪肉产业链中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的流行病学研究进展

单核细胞增生李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes, Lm)是一种重要的人兽共患食源性病原菌，该菌可沿猪肉产业链进行传播，所引起的李斯特菌病时有报道，对消费者健康造成了巨大威胁。猪通过摄食Lm污染的饲料而引起感染，猪李斯特菌病以暴发或散发方式发生，病死率较高。猪体表携带的Lm和排出粪便中的Lm导致饲养环境的污染，从而在养殖场中循环传播。Lm的检出率随着猪屠宰工序的进行逐步提高，肉制品在加工环节可发生交叉污染。销售环节中Lm的污染被进一步放大，生肉和即食性食品中的污染不容乐观。临床研究表明国内人李斯特菌病以散发为主，而国外以暴发为主。本文概述近年来国内外猪肉产业链中Lm的流行规律，为有效预防和控制李斯特菌病奠定了理论基础。

Epidemiology of Listeria monocytogenes in the pork industry supply chain

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is an important zoonotic foodborne pathogen that can spread in the pork industry supply chain and lead to reports of human listeriosis, thus posing a great threat to the health of consumers. This article summarizes the progress in Lm epidemiology in the pork industry supply chain. Outbreaks or sporadic pig listeriosis with high mortality are linked to Lm contaminated feed. The Lm carried on the body surfaces of pigs and excreted from the feces leads to the contamination of the feeding environment and then circulates in farms. The isolation rate of Lm increases gradually after the pig slaughtering process, and cross-contamination can occur in the production chain. The contamination linked to Lm further increases in raw meat and ready-to-eat food. Clinical studies have shown that domestic listeriosis in China is mainly sporadic, whereas that in other countries is mainly outbreaks. In recent years, the above-mentioned epidemic characteristics of Lm in the pork industry supply chain in China and other countries have laid a theoretical foundation for the effective prevention and control of listeriosis.