山东省农业器械／工具伤害现况调查及其影响因素分析

目的了解农村居民农业器械／工具伤害现况及其影响因素。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法，在山东省随机抽取20个村的居民为调查对象。采用SAS8．1软件进行Logistic回归分析。结果共调查11902人，263人在1年中曾遭受1次及以上的农业器械／工具伤，粗发生率2．21％，标化率2．25％，男性（3．03％）高于女性（0．98％）。因伤致残34例，致残率2．86％0，死亡2例。外部原因以手工工具割伤、砸伤居多（51．33％），其次是畜力器械农具伤（25．86％）、燃油动力机械伤（17．49％）和电动器具伤（5．32％）。农忙季节（6～8月）高发，多发生在田间（44．11％）。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示，婚姻状况、职业、工种、健康状况、生活压力、人际关系不良、缺乏防护措施、睡眠不足、受伤时的活动和环境状况等中的18个（哑）变量是危险因素，而家务劳动和上学是保护因素。结论该地区农业机械／工具伤发生率高，危险因素涉及生产劳动的多个方面和环节，因此，需要从每个环节采取综合控制措施。

Investigation on the agricultural instruments and tools injuries and their risk factors in Shandong Province

Objective To understand the prevalence and risk factors of agricultural injuries in rural residents. Methods A retrospective investigation was conducted among rural residents in 20 villages of Shandong Province using the multistage cluster sampling method. Logistic regression analysis was performed by SAS8.1 statistical software. Results A total of 263 cases reported at least 1 instruments or tolls related injury out of the 11 902 people surveyed in one year. The crude incidence rate was 2. 21% and the standardized incidence rate was 2. 25 % , which was higher in males （3.03 % ） than in females （0. 98% ）. 34 cases ended up in disability caused by injuries, with the morbidity rate of 2. 86 per thousand, and 2 cases died of injury. Major external causes related to instruments or tools injury were cut or smashed by hand tools （51.33%-）, by livestock power instrument （25.86%）, by fuel drive instrument （ 17.49% ）, by electrical instrument （5.32%）. The seasonality occurred was the highest among agricultural production season （between June and August ）. There were higher proportion of injuries occurred on the work location such as farm field （44. 11% ）. The multivariate un- conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that the 18 dumb variables were risk factors for instruments and tools injury out of marital status, occupation, type of work in production~ health status, life stress ~ interpersonal relationship, safe- guard measures, sleeping deficiency, activities and environmental aspects before injury, compared with housework and go to school were protective factors. Conclusions The incidence of agricultural profession-related instruments and tools inju- ries is high. Risk factors involved multiple aspects and tache of farm production. Therefore, it is necessary to take compre- hensive measures to prevent and control these injuries.