我国385所乡镇卫生院医疗废物收集和处理状况调查

目的了解我国乡镇卫生院医疗废物收集和处理状况。方法在全国范围内抽取10个省77个县的385所乡镇卫生院,调查其医疗废物收集和处理状况。结果 27.53%的乡镇卫生院的医疗废物收集设施只有加盖污物桶,7.27%的只有无盖污物桶,2.34%的只有堆放点,62.34%的有2种以上的医疗废物收集设施,2所乡镇卫生院没有医疗废物收集设施。加盖污物桶在乡镇卫生院的使用率最高。66.49%的乡镇卫生院在医疗废物转运或集中处理前先进行消毒处理。35.58%的乡镇卫生院医疗废物只交由专业机构统一处理,41.82%的仅进行焚烧处理,0.52%的仅进行掩埋处理的,22.08%的使用2种以上的处理方式。焚烧的使用率最高,西部和东北部的乡镇卫生院此比例明显高于其他地区;专业机构统一处理的使用率次之,为42.60%,西部和东北部的乡镇卫生院将医疗废物交由专业机构统一处理的比例明显低于其他地区。结论乡镇卫生院医疗废弃物的收集设施缺乏;医疗废物专业集中处理的比例低,尤其是西部和东北部地区;约1/3的乡镇卫生院在医疗废物转运或集中处理前未进行消毒处理。应加强乡镇卫生院医疗废物管理,改善收集设施,加强转运或集中处理前的消毒处理,并提高专业集中处理的比例。

Investigation on collection and treatment of medical waste in 385 township hospitals in China

Objective To know the status of collection and treatment of medical waste in township hospitals in China.Methods A total of 385 township hospitals were chosen from 77 counties in 10 provinces and the status of collection and treatment of medical waste were investigated.Results 27.53％ of the township hospitals investigated were only equipped with the dirt buckets with cover,7.27％ of which only equipped with the dirt buckets without cover,2.34％ of which only equipped with the medical waste heaps,62.34％ of which equipped with two types of the above collection facilities or more,and 2 township hospitals equipped with no collection facility of medical waste.The dirt buckets with cover were used mostly in the township hospitals.The medical waste was disinfected first before treatment in 66.49％ of the township hospitals.The medical waste were professionally treated only in 35.58％ of the township hospitals,incinerated only in 41.82％,ried only in 0.52％,treated by two types of the above treatments or more in 22.08％.The incineration was mostly used to treat the medical waste in the township hospitals.The proportion of township hospitals in the western and northeastern districts treating the medical waste by incineration was significantly higher than the other districts.The professional treatment was the second mostly used to treat the medical waste in the township hospitals.The proportion of township hospitals in the western and northeastern districts treating the medical waste by professional treatment was significantly lower than the other districts.Conclusion There is insufficient of collection facilities in the township hospitals and the proportion of medical waste professionally treated was lower,especially in the western and northeastern districts.The medical waste is not disinfected before treatment in about 1/3 of the township hospitals.The management of medical waste in the township hospitals should be emphasized,the collection facilities should be improved,the disinfection before treatment and the proportion of professionally treatment should be enhanced.