2014年深圳市福田区空巢老人抑郁孤独情绪状况及影响因素分析

目的 调查深圳市福田区空巢老人抑郁孤独情绪状况及影响因素并进行分析,提出干预对策。 方法 2014年1-6月对深圳市福田区60岁以上老年居民4 580人进行空巢情况调查,筛选空巢老人。应用老年抑郁量表(GDS)、UCLA 孤独量表(UCLALS)、基本情况问卷调查空巢老人抑郁孤独状况,并记录深圳市福田区老年居民空巢情况及空巢老人抑郁孤独情绪状况,计算出空巢检出率,抑郁、孤独情绪检出率,采用logistic回归分析抑郁孤独情绪的影响因素。 结果 1 035人为空巢老人,空巢检出率为22.60%;有抑郁症状者168例,检出率16.23%;有孤独感者291例,检出率28.12%。单因素分析结果:在福田区空巢老人中,未婚及丧偶、独居、初中及高中或中专文化程度、低生活费支出(<2 000元/月)、不锻炼、合并慢性病的人群抑郁情绪检出率高(P<0.05);而年龄70～、未婚及丧偶、独居、初中及以上文化程度、低生活费支出(<2 000元/月)、不锻炼、合并慢性病的人群孤独情绪检出率高(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果:未婚及丧偶(OR=0.638,95%CI＝0.453～0.899,P=0.010)、独居(OR=0.294,95%CI＝0.189～0.457,P=0.000)、低生活费支出(<2 000元/月)(OR=0.404,95%CI＝0.321～0.508,P=0.000)、不锻炼(OR=0.602,95%CI＝0.478～0.758,P=0.000)、合并慢性病(OR=0.593,95%CI＝0.363～0.971,P=0.038)是空巢老人发生抑郁的独立危险因素。未婚及丧偶(OR=0.478,95%CI＝0.357～0.639,P=0.000)、独居(OR=0.381,95%CI＝0.264～0.549,P=0.000)、低生活费支出(<2 000元/月)(OR=0.617,95%CI＝0.519～0.734,P=0.000)、不锻炼(OR=0.815,95%CI＝0.679～0.980,P=0.029)是空巢老人发生孤独的独立危险因素。 结论 深圳市福田区空巢老人抑郁、孤独情绪检出率较高。未婚及丧偶、独居、低生活费支出、不锻炼、合并慢性病是引起空巢老人出现抑郁、孤独情绪的独立危险因素,针对上述危险因素进行干预是降低空巢老年人抑郁、孤独发生的主要措施。

Prevalence of depression and loneliness in the empty nest elderly and the influencing factors in Futian District,Shenzhen City, 2014

Objective To investigate the prevalence of depression and loneliness in the empty nest elderly in Futian District, Shenzhen City and explore the influencing factors, so as to put forward intervention measures. Methods From January to June 2014, 4,580 residents aged over 60 years in Futian District, Shenzhen City were surveyed to select the empty nest elderly. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLALS) and General Information Questionnaire were used to investigate the depression and loneliness situation of the empty nest elderly. The situation of the empty nest elderly and their depression and loneliness status were recorded. The detection rates of the empty nest elderly, depression and loneliness were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting depression and loneliness. Results A total of 1,035 residents were found to be empty nest elderly, with the detection rate of 22.60%. 168 residents suffered from depression and 291 from loneliness, with the detection rates of 16.23% and 28.12% respectively. Single factor analysis showed higher prevalence of depression was detected in the empty nest elderly with spinsterhood and widowhood, solitude, educational background of junior/senior middle school or technical secondary school, low living cost (< 2,000 Yuan per month) , chronic diseases, and lack of physical exercise (P<0.05). Higher prevalence of loneliness was detected in the empty nest elderly aged 70 years and above, with spinsterhood and widowhood, solitude, educational background above junior middle school, low living cost (< 2,000 Yuan per month), chronic diseases and lack of physical exercise (P<0.05). Multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that spinsterhood and widowhood (OR=0.638,95%CI=0.453~0.899, P=0.010), solitude (OR=0.294,95%CI=0.189~0.457, P=0.000), low living cost with < 2,000 Yuan per month (OR=0.404, 95%CI=0.321~0.508, P=0.000), lack of physical exercise (OR=0.602,95%CI=0.478~0.758, P=0.000) and being complicated with chronic diseases (OR=0.593,95%CI=0.363~0.971, P=0.038) were the independent risk factors for depression, while spinsterhood and widowhood (OR=0.478,95%CI=0.357~0.639, P=0.000), solitude (OR=0.381,95%CI=0.264~0.549, P=0.000), low living cost with 2,000 Yuan per month (OR=0.617,95%CI=0.519~0.734, P=0.000), and lack of physical exercise (OR=0.815,95%CI=0.679~0.980, P=0.029) were the independent risk factors for loneliness. Conclusions The detection rates of depression and loneliness in the empty nest elderly in Futian District, Shenzhen City in 2014 are high. Spinsterhood and widowhood, solitude, low living cost, lack of physical exercise and being complicated with chronic diseases are the independent risk factors for their depression and loneliness. Interventions targeted at the above-mentioned risk factors are the main measures to reduce their prevalence.