中山市脑卒中患者社会支持及其影响因素分析

目的 了解脑卒中患者的社会支持情况，探讨其影响因素，为进一步有效和有针对性地进行脑卒中患者的健康教育服务提供科学的指导和依据。 方法 采用整群抽样的方法，使用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对中山市某三甲医院神经科2014年1—6月期间住院的脑卒中患者进行现场问卷调查，并使用EpiData 3.1建立数据库并对数据进行双份录入和整理，使用SPSS 16.0进行数据统计分析。 结果 共调查脑卒中患者309人，其中男性178人(57.61%)，女性131人(42.39%)，患者平均年龄为(66.36±11.57)岁；患者社会支持中的客观支持、主观支持、社会支持的利用度、社会支持总得分分别为(8.63±1.54)分、(27.71±2.99)分、(6.69±2.75)分、(43.21±5.04)分，与国内常模相比较，均偏低；5种生活状况状态中独居的客观支持度最低。4种健康自评状况中状况不好的客观支持度最低，70岁以上、未婚、独居、居住在县城和健康自评状况不好者主观支持度较低，居住在城区、收入水平在1 000～3 000元/月者社会支持利用度较低，未婚、独居、居住在城郊、健康状况自评不好及收入水平在1 000元/月以下者社会支持总分较低；社会支持影响因素的多因素分析结果显示居住状况、收入水平和健康自评状况是影响脑卒中患者社会支持的主要因素。 结论 应以社区卫生服务机构为主体，为患者营造良好的社会支持环境，并建立系统科学的脑卒中健康教育体系，提高患者的生活质量。 

A survey on the demands of stroke patients on health education services and social support

Objective To understand the social support status for stroke patients,and explore its influencing factors,in order to provide the guidance and basis on health education for the stroke prevention. Methods Questionnaire survey by using SSRS were conducted among 309 hospitalized stroke patients in tertiary general hospital neurology from January to June 2014. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 18. 0. Results The average age of participants was(66. 36 ±11. 57)years. Scores of social support of patients with acute stroke(the scores of objective support was 8. 63 ±1. 54; the scores of subjective support was 27. 71 ±2. 99; the scores of utilization of support 6. 69 ±2. 75; the total score was 43. 21 ±5. 04)were lower than the domestic norm. The objective support score of living alone in 5 kinds of living conditions was the lowest. The objective support score of bad health status in 4 kinds of health status was the lowest. Patients who were over 70 years or unmarried or living alone or living in the country or poor health status had low subjective support scores. The social support score was low in those patients who were living in urban areas,income levels in the 1 000- 3 000 RMB/month. What's more,the totally social support score was low in that aspects,such as unmarried,living alone,living in the suburbs,poor health status and the income level of 1 000 RMB/month. Multivariate analysis of social support influence factors showed that the living conditions,income level and self-assessment health status were the major influencing factors of stroke patients' social support. Conclusion To create a good social support environment,and establish a scientific system of health education for stroke patients should base on the community health service institutions,thereby promote the quality of life of patients.