2013年天津市城区居民对烟草危害认知及态度的调查

目的 了解天津市城区居民对烟草相关危害的认知及对公共场所禁烟态度,为今后开展有针对性的控烟工作提供依据。 方法 2013年采用多阶段整群抽样法,抽取天津市城区2 024户家庭,从每户家庭中随机抽取1名符合标准的成员进行个人问卷调查。 结果 共成功访谈1 977人。天津市居民对吸烟导致肺癌、心肌梗塞、中风、阴茎勃起障碍及所有4种疾病的知晓率分别为95.4%、74.9%、66.1%、32.1%、28.3%,高学历者知晓率高于低学历者,除对中风的认知外,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);二手烟暴露导致成人心脏病、成人肺部疾病、儿童肺部疾病及所有3种疾病的知晓率分别为74.3%、90.7%、83.0%、70.4%,不同教育程度知晓率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);28.9% 的居民认为淡味、温和及低焦油卷烟的危害同普通卷烟差不多;居民对餐馆、酒吧禁烟的支持率最低,分别为81.7%、57.4%,对调查涉及的所有公共场所禁烟的支持率非吸烟者高于吸烟者,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。 结论 2013年,天津市居民对烟草危害的认知及对控烟支持率处于较高水平,但对吸烟及二手烟危害的认识仍不全面,且部分场所禁烟支持率较低,需要继续加强宣传。

Cognition and attitude towards tobacco hazard among urban residents in Tianjin, 2013

Objective To investigate the cognition of tobacco hazard and attitudes towards smoking ban in public places among urban residents in Tianjin so as to provide evidence for implementing targeted tobacco control in the future. Methods Multistage cluster sampling method was used to select 2,024 urban households in Tianjin City in 2013, and one member who met the inclusion criteria in each household was randomly chosen to finish a questionnaire. Results Totally, 1,977 participants were successfully surveyed. The awareness rates of lung cancer, heart attack, stroke and erectile dysfunction induced by smoking and all the four diseases were 95.4%, 74.9%, 66.1%, 32.1% and 28.3% respectively. The awareness rates of the above-mentioned diseases, except that of stroke, in the participants with higher educational background were significantly higher than those with lower educational background (P<0.05). The awareness rates of adult heart attack,adult lung illness , child lung illness and of all the three diseases induced by second-hand smoke exposure were 74.3%, 90.7%, 83.0% and 70.4% respectively, and were significantly different among participants with different educational backgrounds (P<0. 05). 28.9% of the participants believed that the harm from mild, low tar cigarettes and regular cigarettes was similar. The support rates of smoking ban in restaurants (81.7%) and bars (57.4%) were low. As compared with the smokers, the non-smokers showed a significantly higher support rate for banning smoking in the public places included in the questionaire(P＜0.05). Conclusions The cognition of tobacco hazard and support rate of tobacco control in residents of Tianjin in 2013 are higher, but the cognition of smoking and second-hand smoke hazards still needs to be improved. The support rate of banning smoking in some public places is low. So related propaganda should be constantly intensified.