2012年湖北省社区人群急性胃肠炎流行特征

目的 分析湖北省社区人群急性胃肠炎的发病趋势和流行特征。 方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样法对湖北省社区人群急性胃肠炎患病情况进行回顾性调查,2012年1-12月每月入户进行面访,内容包括调查对象过去28 d急性胃肠炎的发生情况、临床表现、可疑饮食史等。 结果 共完成3 891份调查问卷,人群急性胃肠炎月患病率为4.06%(95%CI: 3.44%～4.68%),加权月患病率为4.87%(95%CI: 4.19%～5.55%)。自述食源性病例比例为56.96%,主要可疑食品种类为肉类(40.00%)和果蔬类(21.11%),可疑食品来自家庭的比例(61.11%)最高,其次是街头摊点(13.33%)。5岁以下幼儿、家庭常住人口数在3人以上的、家庭成员中有未成年人的、有外出史的人群急性胃肠炎患病率明显较高。 结论 湖北省社区人群急性胃肠炎患病情况比较严重,应尽快建立和完善食源性疾病监测体系,有针对性的降低社区人群急性胃肠炎的疾病负担。

Epidemiological characteristics of acute gastrointestinal illness among community population in Hubei Province, 2012

Objective To analyze the incidence trends and epidemiological characteristics of acute gastrointestinal illness in community residents in Hubei Province. Methods The monthly face-to-face household interviews were conducted among community residents in Hubei Province selected by a multi-stage random cluster sampling method from January to December 2012. The incidence of acute gastroenteritis within the 28 days prior to the interviews, clinical manifestations and suspicious diet were retrospectively surveyed. Results A total of 3,891 interview questionnaires were effectively completed. The monthly incidence rate of acute gastroenteritis was 4.06% (95%CI: 3.44%-4.68%), and the adjusted monthly incidence rate weighted by population size was 4.87% (95%CI:4.19%-5.55%). Self-reported foodborne cases accounted for 56.96%. Meat (40.00%) and fruits and vegetables (21.11%) were the main suspected foods. Families (61.11%) were considered to be the main source place of the suspected food, followed by street vendors (13.33%). The incidence rate of acute gastroenteritis was significantly higher in children aged younger than 5 years, in households with 3 or more than 3 permanent residents, in households with family membes younger than 18 years and in residents having outward activities. Conclusions The incidence status of acute gastroenteritis in community residents in Hubei Province is not disease optimistic. It is necessary to establish and improve the foodborne disease surveillance system as soon as possible so as to targetedly reduce the disease burden of acute gastroenteritis in community residents.