2015年池州市学龄前农村留守儿童焦虑状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解池州市学龄前农村留守儿童焦虑状况及影响因素,为今后制定学龄前农村留守儿童心理干预措施提供依据。 方法 采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,抽取1 512名3～5岁池州市农村学龄前儿童,使用自编一般情况问卷和Conners 父母用量表对其家长进行调查,分析学龄前农村留守儿童焦虑状况及影响因素。 结果 池州市学龄前农村留守儿童占农村学龄前儿童的31.9%,其焦虑因子得分(0.36±0.34)显著高于非留守儿童(0.32±0.31)(P<0.05),农村学龄前男童的焦虑因子得分(0.31±0.32)低于国内常模(0.60±0.61),女童的焦虑因子得分(0.35±0.32)低于国内常模(0.51±0.59)。主要照看人为父亲或母亲、主要照看人职业为企事业单位工作/商业服务、父母仅一方外出、父母外出打工的起始年份在2011年及之前、父亲和(或)母亲在儿童出生前开始外出打工、儿童为非独生子女、消极应对方式的学龄前农村留守儿童焦虑因子得分较高(P<0.05)。 结论 池州市学龄前农村儿童焦虑因子得分均低于国内常模,学龄前农村留守儿童焦虑水平明显高于学龄前农村非留守儿童,其焦虑水平受主要照看人类型及其职业、父母外出类型及起始年份、父母外出时儿童月龄、儿童是否独生子女、应对方式的影响,应引起社会广泛关注。

Anxiety and its influencing factors among rural left-behind preschoolers in Chizhou City, 2015

Objective To investigate the status of anxiety and its influencing factors among rural left-behind preschoolers in Chizhou City so as to provide a basis for developing targeted psychological intervention measures in future. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to recruit 1,512 rural preschoolers aged 3-5 years in Chizhou City. Self-designed basic information questionnaire and Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire were employed to analyze anxiety status of the rural left-behind preschoolers and its influencing factors. Results The rural left-behind preschoolers accounted for 31.9% of rural preschoolers in Chizhou City. The anxiety score of the left-behind preschoolers was significantly higher than that of the non-left-behind ones ((0.36±0.34) vs. (0.32±0.31), P<0.05). The anxiety scores of rural left-behind preschool boys and girls were both lower than those of the national norm ((0.31±0.32) vs. (0.60±0.61), (0.35±0.32) vs. (0.51±0.59)). The rural left-behind preschoolers with a father or a mother as the main guardian, with a main guardian as an employee in enterprises and institutions/commercial service industry , with only one of the parents going out for working, with the parents going out for working in and before 2011, with a father and (or) a mother starting to go out for working before the birth of his or her child, as non-only-one child and with negative coping style had a higher score of anxiety (P<0.05). Conclusions The score of anxiety of the rural left-behind preschoolers in Chizhou City is lower than that of the national norm. The anxiety level of the rural left-behind preschoolers is significantly higher than that of the non-left-behind ones in rural areas, and it is influenced by types and occupation of the main guardian, parents’ types and starting year of going out for working, children’s months of age when parents go out to work, being a only-one child in a family and coping style. Thus it should cause more extensive concern of the society.