水体中克雷伯菌属的分布及其在水源性急性肠道感染中的价值

俄罗斯不同气候地区不同功能水体中克雷伯菌属广泛分布。克雷伯菌属可见于遭受生物、化学污染的集中供水的地表水源,无防护的地下蓄水层,缺乏有效清洁、消毒系统的饮用水。研究表明,水体中的克雷伯菌属具有致病性和毒性,对现代药物和消毒剂(氯、紫外线)具有抗性,很容易穿透进入地下蓄水层。克雷伯菌属细菌有很强的致病性(粘附力、侵袭力、磷酸酯酶、卵磷脂酶、脱氧核糖核酸酶、溶血活性),含有致病性遗传标记cnf-1。克雷伯菌属(100 CFU/dm³)可引起急性肠道感染。在不检测总大肠菌群的情况下,检测水体尤其是饮用水中的克雷伯菌属,可以评估所用水的流行病学危险。

Prevalence of the genus Klebsiella in bodies of water and its significance in water-borne acute enteric infections

High prevalence of Klebsiella species in water of water bodies in different climatic zones of Russia intended for multipurpose use is established: in surface sources of centralized water supply depending on a degree of their biological and chemical contamination; in groundwater from unprotected aquifers; in drinking water that was insufficiently purified and disinfected. It is shown that Klebsiella spp. circulating in water preserve their properties as pathogens as well as virulence; they are resistant to modern drugs and disinfectants (chlorine, ultraviolet irradiation) and able to readily penetrate into aquifers..These strains of Klebsiella are known to have the significant pathogenic capacity (adhesive, invasive, phosphatase, lecitinase, DNAase, hemolytic activity) as well as genetic markers of pathogenicity cnf-1. The etiological role of Klebsiella species and their infective dose (100 CFU/dm³) causing acute enteric infections (AEI) are defined. Isolation of Klebsiella from water bodies and, especially from potable water in absence of total coliform bacteria (TCB) testifies for an insufficient role of the latter and presents an epidemic hazard in water use.