抗病毒药物阻断乙型肝炎母婴传播的研究进展

乙型肝炎病毒感染是一个世界性的公共卫生问题。 在亚洲地区， 母婴垂直传播是发生慢性感染的主要原因。 对于体内高病毒载量的孕妇分娩的新生儿即使在产后进行适当的联合免疫接种， 仍有 10%~15%的母婴垂直传播率。 因此， 如何在孕期有效地阻断母婴垂直传播， 以及应用抗病毒治疗的安全性问题是孕期管理乙型病毒性肝炎患者所面临的挑战。 大量研究显示， 体内高病毒载量的孕妇在孕晚期应用抗病毒药物（包括拉米夫定、替比夫定、替诺福韦）能够有效地降低母婴垂直传播率。 本文就抗病毒药物阻断乙型肝炎母婴传播的相关研究进展进行综述。

Research progress of antiviral treatment in preventing mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide health problem and vertical transmission is the main source of chronic infection in Asian countries. Breakthrough perinatal HBV transmission occurs in 10%- 15% of infants born to pregnatal women with high viral load even with appropriate postexposure immunoprophylaxis. Management of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) during pregnancy remains a challenge, with unique issues that involve prevention of mother-to-child transmis⁃sion (MTCT) and safe use of antiviral therapy. Previous studies indicate that antiviral therapy with analogs (Lamivudine, Telbivudine or Tenofovir) may prevent vertical transmission during late pregnancy in highly viremic mothers. This article summarized relevant studies that antiviral therapy in preventing MTCT of hepatitis B virus.