中国汉族乳腺癌家系中BRCA1和BRCA2基因的胚系突变

目的 检测中国家族性乳腺癌中BRCA1和BRCA2的胚系突变位点。方法 对象为来自汉族的14个乳腺癌家系中的15例乳腺癌患者、散发性乳腺癌患者76例和正常对照100名,知情同意后取其外周静脉血,提取基因组DNA,用15例家族性乳腺癌患者和2份pool DNA(每份pool DNA含50名正常对照者的等量DNA)作为样本,对BRCA1基因外显子4、8、11、18、19、20和部分内含子区域,BRCA2基因外显子1～14、外显子17～24和外显子27及部分内含子区域进行序列测定。用DNA Star软件进行序列比较分析,筛查基因突变位点及多态性位点,对有意义的突变位点在正常对照和散发性乳腺癌患者中进行基因分型。结果 在BRCA1的外显子11上发现6个单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点,2个不改变氨基酸编码,4个改变氨基酸编码。其中2个为致病性位点：一个致病位点为G 1235A(Trp 372 stop),导致蛋白质合成终止,该位点仅在1例29岁的家族性乳腺癌患者中发现;另一致病位点C 1196 T(Pro 359 Leu)也只在1例37岁的家族性乳腺癌患者中发现,该位点在正常对照和散发性乳腺癌患者中进行基因分型后均为野生型,并在相关的文献和乳腺癌信息中心网站的突变数据库中均未检索到,为一新的中国家族性乳腺癌特有的致病位点。在BRCA2的外显子3、10及11中发现8个SNP位点,5个不改变氨基酸编码,3个改变氨基酸的编码,其中2个位点A 1093 C(Asn 289 His)和A 3199 G(Asn 991 Asp)在2个pool DNA样本中均为野生型。结论 在BRCA1上发现两个致病的SNP,可能与早发型乳腺癌有关,其中一个可能是中国家族性乳腺癌特有的新的突变位点。

Germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes from breast cancer families in China Han people

Objective To detect BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene germline mutation in the Chinese breast cancer families. Methods Samples of peripheral blood were collected to prepare genomic DNA by conventional techniques from 15 inherited breast cancer patients from 14 breast cancer families, 76 sporadic breast cancer patients, and 100 healthy controls based on informed consent. Exons 4, 8, 11 and 18-20 of BRCA1, and exons 1-14, 17-24 and 27 of BRCA2, were analyzed using DNA direct sequencing. Results Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found on the exon 11 of BRCA1, 2 being silent changes without change of amino acid coding, and 4 with change of amino acid coding among which 2 were polymorphic amino acid alterations and 2 were pathogenic SNPs, i.e. mutational sites. One novel BRCA1 mutation, C1196T(Pro 359 Leu), was identified in a family breast cancer patients, who was diagnosed at the age of 37. Another BRCA1 mutation, Trp 372 stop was found in a breast cancer patient who was diagnosed at the age 29. Eight SNPs were found on the exon3, 10 and 11 of BRCA2, among which 5 were silent changes and 3 were polymorphic amino acid alterations. A1093C(Asn289His)in exon 10 and A 3199G(Asn991Asp)in exon 11 being found simultaneously in the patients of 2 families but not appearing in pool DNA sample, and Asn 371 His appearing as A/C heterozygote in pool DNA sample. Conclusion Two pathogenic SNPs have been found in BRCA1 and may be related to early-onset breastcancer. One of them may be a novel mutation characterized of familial breast cancer in China.