抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体及其相关性小血管炎的研究现状

与抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体(ANCA)密切相关的小血管炎称ANCA相关性小血管炎(AASV),ANCA已成为AASV的特异血清学诊断工具。蛋白酶3(PR3)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)是ANCA最重要的抗原成分,在启动中性粒细胞(PMN)全面活化过程中起着重要作用。目前认为间接免疫荧光法联合抗原特异性ELISA法是ANCA的规范化检测方法,而AASA的发病机制可以从PMN活化和血管损伤、PMN凋亡和炎症慢性化两个环节进行理解。此外,针对抗PR3和抗MPO抗体阳性患者的临床特征及组织病理学特点的研究尚待深入进行。

Research Status of Anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies and ANCA Associated Small Vessel Vasculitis

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies （ANCA）associated small vessel vasculitis （AASV） are a group of small vessel vasculitis closely related to ANCA, and ANCA have been specific serological diagnostic tools for AASV. As the most important antigen components of ANCA , proteinase3 （PR3） and myeloperoxidase （MPO）are playing an important role in activating completely polymor-phonuclear neutrophil. The method composed of indirect immunofluorescence and antigen specific ELISA is regarded as normalized detection method for ANCA, and the comprehension of AASV pathogenesis includes two links： one is related to PMN activation and vascular injury; The other is related to PMN apoptosis and inflammation chronicity. In addition, the clinical features and histopathologic characteristics of patients with anti-PR3 antibody and anti-MPO antibody are still exploratory subjects.