肝移植围手术期血流动力学及血浆一氧化氮和内皮素含量的变化

目的探讨一氧化氮(NO)和内皮素(ET)对肝硬化患者肝移植围手术期体、肺循环的影响。方法24例终末期肝硬化患者接受改良背驮式肝移植术,术中持续监测心率(HR)、心排血量(CO)、平均动脉压(MABP)、平均肺动脉压(MPAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、肺动脉楔压(PAWP)、心排血指数(CI)、体循环阻力指数(SVRI)和肺循环阻力指数(PVRI)。分别于麻醉后术前、无肝前10min、无肝30min、新肝30min和术毕5个时间点采集中心静脉血,用硝酸还原法和放射免疫法分别测定血浆NO和ET1水平。结果1MABP在下腔静脉和门静脉阻断及开放后短期内有一过性下降〔分别由(81±11)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)降至(79±9)mmHg,再降至(57±19)mmHg,P均<0.05〕,应用血管活性药物后,可基本维持稳定。2CVP、MPAP和PAWP在无肝期均显著降低(P均<0.05);而在新肝期显著增高并维持高于术前水平。3CI在无肝期显著降低(P<0.05),新肝10min后显著增高(P<0.05)。4SVRI和PVRI在无肝期均显著增高(P均<0.05);血管开放后新肝15min内SVRI和PVRI高于术前水平,新肝30min后SVRI显著低于术前水平。5与术前值比较:阻断后,血浆NO水平明显降低(P<0.05),新肝期和术毕均升高(P均<0.05);在无肝30min、新肝30min血浆ET1水平均升高(P均<0.05)。结论肝硬化患者肝移植围手术期血流动力学变化显著,新肝期易发生轻度肺高压。新肝期NO和ET增高,其临床意义有待进一步研究。

Changes in hemodynamics and nitric oxide/endothelin-1 during liver transplantation in patients with cirrhosis

OBJECTIVE: To study the systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic changes of patients with cirrhosis during liver transplantation and evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1(ET-1). METHODS: Twenty-four patients with cirrhosis at terminal stage underwent modifying piggy-back liver transplantation. Hemodynamic parameters including cardiac index (CI), arterial blood pressure (ABP) and pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) were monitored continuously. NO and ET-1 levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Blood samples were obtained from superior vena cava at induction of anesthesia (T1), 10 minutes before vascular crossclamping (T2), 30 minutes after vascular crossclamping (T3), 30 minutes after reperfusion of the new liver (T4), and at the end of surgery (T5). RESULTS: (1) Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) lowered significantly in the early stage of anhepatic period and neohepatic period (P<0.05 or P<0.01). (2) Central venous pressure (CVP), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) lowered significantly during anhepatic period. They rose significantly after graft reperfusion, and remained at a high level with respect to the baseline level (P<0.05). (3) CI declined significantly during anhepatic period and increased 10 minutes after reperfusion of new liver. (4) Systemic vascular resistance index and pulmonary vascular resistance index increased during anhepatic period and were higher than the baseline level 15 minutes after reperfusion. SVRI was lower than baseline level 30 minutes after reperfusion. (5) Compared with the baseline level, NO decreased significantly after vascular cross-clamping and elevated 30 minutes after reperfusion. ET levels were significant elevated 30 minutes after clamping and after reperfusion (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Significant hemodynamic changes occur in patients with cirrhosis during liver transplantation, and pulmonary hypertension develops during neohepatic period. The role of elevated contents of NO and ET-1 after reperfusion needs further study.