甘南藏族自治州动物棘球绦虫感染状况调查

目的：了解甘南藏族自治州动物棘球绦虫及棘球蚴的感染状况,为该地区制定防制策略提供依据。方法：2004年8月耀2007年9月在甘南藏族自治州选择玛曲县和碌曲县的8乡21个自然村为调查点,采用鼠夹、粘鼠板捕捉啮齿类动物进行剖检,收集当地屠宰场绵羊、牦牛的肝、肺和心脏等剖检,进行棘球蚴病原学和病理学检查。对家犬、牧羊犬采用15%槟榔碱溶液驱虫,随机捕杀无主野犬剖检十二指肠成虫感染情况。结果：共捕获啮齿类动物331只,经剖检进行病理学检查和鉴定,4只感染多房棘球蚴,即达乌尔鼠兔（Ochotona daurica）和中华鼢鼠（Myospalax fontanieri）,感染率分别为1.2%（1/87）和2.3%（3/132）;6只喜马拉雅旱獭（Marmota himalayana）、34只西藏鼠兔（Ochotona tibetana）和72只小家鼠（Mus musculus）未感染棘球蚴。剖检绵羊1 021头,其中细粒棘球蚴和多房棘球蚴的感染率分别为11.1% （113/1 021）和0.3% （3/1 021）。剖检牦牛634头,其细粒棘球蚴和多房棘球蚴的感染率为19.9% （126/634）和0.3%（2/634）。犬的细粒棘球绦虫和多房棘球绦虫的感染率分别为23.0%（17/74）和5.4%（4/74）。牧羊犬、家犬棘球绦虫的检出率为24.6%（15/61）,无主野犬检出率为6/13,未发现两型绦虫的混合感染。结论：甘南藏族自治州动物以细粒棘球绦虫感染为主,有少量多房棘球绦虫感染。

Investigation on Echinococcosis in Animals in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

Objective To make an investigation on echinococcosis among animals in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. Methods 21 villages from Maqu and Luqu counties were selected for the survey in August of 2004-September of 2007. Rodents were trapped in the field. Sheep and yak livers, hearts and lungs were collected from the local slaughterhouses for pathological examination. Domestic dogs (shepherd dogs) were de-wormed by 15% arecoline to receive adult worms and stray dogs were shot for dissection. Results The prevalence of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in Ochotona daurica was 1.2%(1/87), and 2.3% (3/132) in Myospalax fontanieri, but no infection was found in Marmota himalayana, Ochotona tibetana and Mus musculus. 113 out of 1 021 (11.1%) sheep were found infected with cystic echinococcosis (CE), and 3 (0.3%) with AE. 126 out of 634 (19.9%) yaks were infected with CE, and 2 yaks (0.3%) with AE. 17 out of 74 (23.0%) dogs were infected with Echinococcus granulosus (Eg), and 4 (5.4%) with Echinococcus multilocularis (Em). Conclusion The results showed that there is a widespread endemic of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs and wild animals in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, with less Echinococcus multilocularis infection.