胚胎源脊髓组织诱导骨髓间质干细胞向神经元样细胞的分化

背景:研究发现骨髓间质干细胞在体外专门的诱导体系中能产生类似神经元烯醇化酶克隆球样神经球结构,故骨髓间质干细胞成为中枢神经损伤修复种子细胞的热门候选。目的:观察体外分化体系诱导大鼠骨髓间质干细胞分化为神经元样细胞的情况。设计:观察性实验。单位:深圳市第二人民医院脊柱外科。材料:选用孕16d及2月龄的SD大鼠,由华中科大同济医学院动物中心提供。神经元烯醇化酶单抗、胶质纤维酸性蛋白多抗、神经中丝蛋白单抗均购自武汉博士德公司。方法:实验于2006-09在华中科技大学同济医学院基础医学部免疫室开放实验室及本院中心实验室完成。取大鼠下肢骨,离心分离鼠骨髓间质干细胞。提取孕16d大鼠胚胎脊髓组织匀浆,制备诱导液,诱导骨髓间质干细胞的分化。另取胚胎肌组织同法制备肌组织匀浆作对照。主要观察指标:对诱导后骨髓间质干细胞进行形态学观察及用抗神经元烯醇化酶、NF200、抗胶质纤维酸性蛋白分别标记神经元,星形胶质细胞。反应阳性诱导细胞免疫组化染色后光镜下随机数取10个非重叠视野进行观察,计算神经元烯醇化酶和神经中丝蛋白阳性细胞占总细胞数的比例。结果:①大鼠骨髓间质干细胞在诱导后细胞形态变化:诱导早期光镜下即见部分细胞胞体回缩,突起变长,变细;逐渐出现分化细胞突起生长,并相互交织,类似神经细胞,有的分支类似树突状分枝,对照组细胞形态变化不大。②诱导1周后,骨髓基质干细胞向神经元样细胞分化相关抗原表达情况:脊髓匀浆组多数细胞表现为神经元烯醇化酶和神经中丝蛋白阳性;少数细胞表达胶质纤维酸性蛋白,对照组无神经细胞抗体阳性染色出现。而对照组未见神经细胞抗原反应阳性。免疫组化发现分化细胞神经元烯醇化酶、神经中丝蛋白表达阳性率分别为(68±1.7)%,(76.2±2.9)%。结论:胚胎脊髓组织匀浆可诱导骨髓间质干细胞分化为神经元样细胞。

Differentiation from bone marrow stem cells into neuronal-like cells induced by fetal spinal cord tissue

BACKGROUND: It is demonstrated that bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) can generate neurosphere structures, which is similar to cloning sphere of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), in a specially induced system in vitro; therefore, BMSCs draw more and more attention as seed cells to repair central nerve injury.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differentiation from BMSCs into neuron-like calls induced by fetal spinal cord tissue.DESIGN: Observational study.SETTING: Department of Spine Surgery, Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen.MATERIALS: SD rats (16 pregnant days old and 2 months old) were provided by Animal Center, Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Single antibody of NSE, multi-antibody of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and single antibody of neurofilament (NF200) were provided by Wuhan Boster Company.METHODS: The experiment was carried out in Immune Opening Laboratory and Central Laboratory, Basic Medical Department, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology in September 2006. Bones of lower extremities of rats were collected to centrifuge BMSCs. Fetal spinal cord tissue homogenate was extracted from 16 pregnant days old rats to make inducing solution and induce differentiation of BMSCs. Otherwise, embryo muscle tissue was used to make muscle tissue homogenate as the same way so as to regard as the controls.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: BMSCs underwent morphological observation after induction; in addition, anti-NSE, NF200 and anti-GFAP were used to label neurons and astrocytes, respectively. Ten non-overlapping sights were randomly selected from positive reactive-induced cells after immunohistochemical staining under optic microscope to calculate ratio of positive cells of NSE and NF200 counting for total numbers of cells.RESULTS: ① Morphological changes of BMSCs after induction: During early induction, optic microscope indicated that soma of partial cells rebounded; whose apophysis was long and thin; apophysis of differentiated cells grew gradually and intercrossed each other. It was similar to nerve cells and some branches were similar to dendrite branches. However,morphological changes of cells in the control group were not obvious. ② Expression of relevant antigens differentiated from BMSCs into neuron-like cells at one week after induction: Most cells in spinal cord homogenate group expressed as positive NSE and NF200; a few of cells expressed as GFAP. While, positive staining of nerve cell antibody was not observed in the control group; meanwhile, positive reaction of nerve cell antigen was not observed in the control group,too. Immunohistochemistry examination demonstrated that positive rates of NSE and NF200 expressions were (68±1.7)%and (76.2±2.9)%, respectively.CONCLUSION: Fetal spinal cord tissue homogenate can induce differentiation from BMSCs into neuron-like cells.