1950～2006年福州市白喉发病趋势分析

[目的]掌握白喉的流行趋势,为制订白喉防治对策提供科学依据。[方法]对福州市1950~2006年白喉发病与儿童免疫水平检测资料进行分析。[结果]1950~2006年,福州市合计报告白喉27 358例,年均发病率为11.40/10万;死亡1 749例,病死率为6.39%。1950~1965年平均发病率为38.45/10万,病死率为8.15%;1966~1979年平均为18.17/10万,病死率为3.99%;1980年以后年发病率均低于5/10万,1985年以后下降到1/10万以下,1998年以后无病例报告。1980~1997年年均发病率,5个城区平均为0.29/10万,8个县(市)为0.83/10万(P<0.01)。1978~1997年的1 288例病人中,散居儿童占68.17%,小学生占15.76%;0~6岁占58.54%,7~14岁占28.26%,15~55岁占13.20%。1950~1989年的27 344例病人中,10月至翌年2月发病的占73.51%;1990~1997年的14例病人中,8月至翌年1月发病的占85.71%。1998年抽查2~12岁儿童1 450人,锡克氏试验阴性率为83.72%,其中369名7~12岁儿童为93.22%;206名3个月至2岁婴幼儿全程接种百白破混合制剂后锡克氏试验阴转率为92.63%。[结论]福州市白喉以15岁以下儿童为主,1998年以后已无病例报告。

Analysis on Trends of Diphtheria Incidence in Fuzhou City from 1950 to 2006

[Objective]To analyze the trends of Diphtheria epidemic and provide scientific basis for control of diphtheria.[Methods]Analysis was made on the data of diphtheria incidence and the immune level of children against diphtheria from 1950 to 2006 in Fuzhou.[Results]A total of 27 358 cases of Diphtheria were reported in Fuzhou from 1950 to 2006(mean rate:11.40 per 100 000),and 1 749 deaths were reported(mortality rate:6.39%).The incidence rates and mortality rate were38.45 per 100 000 and 8.15% respectively from 1950 to 1965.The two rates were 18.17 per 100 000 and 3.99% respectively from 1966 to 1979;The diphtheria incidence rates has been under 5 per 100 000 since 1980,and under 1 per 100 000 since 1985.No cases had been reported since 1998.The mean annual incidence rates were 0.29 per 100 000 in urban areas and 0.83 per 100 000 in rural areas from 1980 to 1997(P<0.01).Most of the cases were primary school student and children who lived at home.Among the 27 344 cases reported from 1950 to 1989,73.51% of the cases were presented from October to February of the next year.In 1998,1 450 children in the age group 2-12 were examined,and the negative rates of Schick test was 83.72%.The negative rates of Schick was 92.63% among 3-month-old infant with injection of DPT.[Conclusion]Children under 15 years old accounted for the majority of reported cases.