Application of Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for Tracking Human Exposure to Deoxynivalenol and Enniatins |
| |
| Authors: | Zane Berzina Romans Pavlenko Martins Jansons Elena Bartkiene Romans Neilands Iveta Pugajeva Vadims Bartkevics |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1.Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Institute of Food Safety, Lejupes 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (R.P.); (M.J.); (I.P.); (V.B.);2.Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia;3.Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;4.Department of Water Engineering and Technology, Riga Technical University, Kalku 1, LV-1658 Riga, Latvia; |
| |
| Abstract: | Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a promising biomonitoring approach with the potential to provide direct information on human intake and exposure to food contaminants and environmental chemicals. The aim of this study was to apply WBE while employing the normalization method for exploring human exposure to selected mycotoxins according to population biomarker 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). This type of normalization technique has been previously used to detect various other compounds. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study tracking human exposure to mycotoxins. A sensitive analytical methodology was developed to achieve reliable quantification of deoxynivalenol, enniatins, and beauvericin in wastewater (WW) samples. The applicability of the method was evaluated by testing 29 WW samples collected at WW treatment plants in Latvia. With frequency of detection greater than 86%, enniatins B, B1, A, and A1 were revealed in WW samples. The estimated total daily intake for enniatins was in the range of 1.8–27.6 µg/day per person. Free deoxynivalenol (DON) was determined in all analysed WW samples. Based on the average 5-HIAA excretion level and the determined 5-HIAA content in the samples, the intake of DON by the human population of Riga was estimated at 325 ng/kg b.w. day. |
| |
| Keywords: | mycotoxins wastewater risk assessment exposure |
|
|
