Decreased galanin serum levels are associated with alcohol-craving during withdrawal

Background

The hypothalamic galanin expression has been associated with increased intake of carbohydrates and fats in preclinical studies. The appetite stimulating effect of galanin is thought to underlie the positive association between alcohol consumption and hypothalamic galanin expression observed in preclinical studies.

Methods

In this pilot study we investigated alterations in galanin serum levels (33 male patients) in alcohol-dependent patients during alcohol withdrawal (days 1, 7 and 14) in comparison to healthy controls (19 male controls). In order to assess the putative association between appetite regulation, galanin serum levels and alcohol consumption we additionally investigated the serum levels of insulin, glucose and triglycerides.

Results

The galanin serum levels on day 1 of alcohol withdrawal were significantly reduced in the alcohol-dependent patients (T = − 3.302, p = 0.002) and increased significantly from day 1 to day 14 of alcohol withdrawal (F = 6.437, p = 0.002). We found a significant negative association between the galanin serum levels and alcohol craving measured by the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) (r=−0.449, p=0.009) and the obsessive subscale of the OCDS (r = − 0.521, p = 0.002) on day 1 of alcohol withdrawal. There was no association between the galanin serum levels and the parameters of energy homeostasis (triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin, and glucose) investigated.

Conclusions

Acute alcohol withdrawal was associated with decreased galanin serum levels in this pilot study. There was no association between the galanin serum levels and the parameters of energy homeostasis. Further research of galanin serum levels in active drinkers will be necessary to clarify the putative association between galanin serum levels, appetite regulation and alcohol consumption.