Effects of long-term antidepressant treatment on oxidative status in major depressive disorder: a 24-week follow-up study

Purpose

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a devastating disease that afflicts large populations and has also been accepted to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Oxidative stress seems to play an essential role in the relationship of MDD and CVD. We aimed to determine the level of oxidative stress in patients with MDD and to investigate the effects of long-term antidepressant (AD) treatment on the oxidative-antioxidative system parameters and CVD risk factors.

Method

Fifty patients who fully met the fourth Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for MDD and 44 healthy control subjects were included in the study. Control visits of the patients were repeated 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks after beginning of the AD treatment. Lipid profiles, oxidation and oxidizability of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins (expressed as apo B-b-MDA and apo B-Δ-MDA, respectively), levels of plasma malondialdehyde (p-MDA), total antioxidative capacity (TAOC), antioxidant molecules and antioxidant enzyme activities including paraoxonase/arylesterase, red blood cell superoxide dismutase (RBC-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase were determined during 24-week of follow-up period.

Results

According to the results of the study, p-MDA, apo B-b-MDA and RBC-SOD activity were increased and arylesterase activity was decreased in MDD patients. Body mass index (BMI), vitamin A and total cholesterol levels in MDD patients increased after 24-weeks of AD treatment. RBC-SOD activity, TAOC, p-MDA and apo B-b-MDA levels were decreased; paraoxonase/arylesterase activities and apo B-Δ-MDA were increased at the end of 24th week.

Conclusion

Oxidative stress, demonstrated in MDD patients, was partly improved during 24 weeks of AD treatment. Increase in paraoxonase/arylesterase activities and decrease in p-MDA and apo B-b-MDA levels after 24 weeks seem to be beneficial for reduction of CVD risk in MDD patients. However increased BMI and apo B-Δ-MDA levels are negative cardiovascular effects of long-term AD treatment.