A follow-up MRI study of the fusiform gyrus and middle and inferior temporal gyri in schizophrenia spectrum |
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Authors: | Takahashi Tsutomu Zhou Shi-Yu Nakamura Kazue Tanino Ryoichiro Furuichi Atsushi Kido Mikio Kawasaki Yasuhiro Noguchi Kyo Seto Hikaru Kurachi Masayoshi Suzuki Michio |
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Affiliation: | a Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japanb Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Tokyo, Japanc Department of Radiology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japand Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Chinae Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan |
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Abstract: | While longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have demonstrated progressive gray matter reduction of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) during the early phases of schizophrenia, it remains largely unknown whether other temporal lobe structures also exhibit similar progressive changes and whether these changes, if present, are specific to schizophrenia among the spectrum disorders. In this longitudinal MRI study, the gray matter volumes of the fusiform, middle temporal, and inferior temporal gyri were measured at baseline and follow-up scans (mean inter-scan interval = 2.7 years) in 18 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 13 patients with schizotypal disorder, and 20 healthy controls. Both schizophrenia and schizotypal patients had a smaller fusiform gyrus than controls bilaterally at both time points, whereas no group difference was found in the middle and inferior temporal gyri. In the longitudinal comparison, the schizophrenia patients showed significant fusiform gyrus reduction (left, − 2.6%/year; right, − 2.3%/year) compared with schizotypal patients (left: − 0.4%/year; right: − 0.2%/year) and controls (left: 0.1%/year; right: 0.0%/year). However, the middle and inferior temporal gyri did not exhibit significant progressive gray matter change in all diagnostic groups. In the schizophrenia patients, a higher cumulative dose of antipsychotics during follow-up was significantly correlated with less severe gray matter reduction in the left fusiform gyrus. The annual gray matter loss of the fusiform gyrus did not correlate with that of the STG previously reported in the same subjects. Our findings suggest regional specificity of the progressive gray matter reduction in the temporal lobe structures, which might be specific to overt schizophrenia within the schizophrenia spectrum. |
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Keywords: | ANCOVA, analysis of covariance ANOVA, analysis of variance CASH, Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History FG, fusiform gyrus ICV, intracranial volume ITG, inferior temporal gyrus MRI, magnetic resonance imaging MTG, middle temporal gyrus ROI, region-of-interest SANS, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms SAPS, Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms SPD, schizotypal personality disorder STG, superior temporal gyrus. |
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