132例麻疹住院病例临床分析

目的探讨近年来麻疹的临床特点和流行特征，为预防和控制该病提供科学依据。方法对某医院2001—2010年132例住院麻疹患者资料进行回顾性分析，总结其流行病学及临床特征分布情况。结果132例麻疹患者发病时间主要集中在2—6月，共111例（84．00％）；以19—36岁成人为主，共95例（71．97％）；市区为主，共108例（81．82％）；男：女为2．57：1。所有患者均发热，其中体温超过39℃者共57例，占43．18％；均有皮疹，96例（72．73％）患者皮疹较为典型，在病程前4d内出疹者98例，达74．24％；有麻疹黏膜斑者54例（40．91％）。支气管炎、肺炎36例（27．27％），中毒性肝炎18例（13．64％），中毒性心肌炎10例（7．58％）。仅42例（31．82％）患者有明确的麻疹疫苗接种史。所有患者预后良好。结论成人麻疹发病率增高，症状典型，但预后良好。建议要完善麻疹疫苗接种，重视对成人的后续强化免疫接种。

Analysis of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 132 measles patients

Objective To explore the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of measles, and to provide scientific basis for disease prevention. Methods The clinical data of 132 measles inpatients from 2001 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed, and the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of them were summarized. Results Among 132 patients with measles. Most patients were found from February to June（84.00%, 111 cases）, aged from 19 to 36 years old （71.97%, 95 cases） and was found in cities（81.82%, 108 cases） ; the ratio of male to female was 2.57：1. All the cases had fever, 43.18% （57 cases） of whom had body temperature 〉 39℃, all patients had skin rash. The skin rash in 96 cases （72.73%） were typical and in 98 cases （74.24%） were onseting in 4 days of the disease course. Fifty-four patients （40.91% ） had mucous patch. Pneumonia and bronchitis, liver function damage, cardiac damage were the main complication, which accounting for 27.27% （36 cases）, 13.64% （18 cases） and 7.58% （10 cases）. The vaccination rate of measles vaccine was only 31.82% （42 cases）. All the patients had good prognosis. Conclusions The incidence of measles in adult is increasing and the manifestations are typical, but the prognosis is good. It is suggested that consummating measles vaccine and paying more attention to reinforcement of immuno-inoculation in adults axe very importment.