Absence of primary cilia in cell cycle‐arrested human breast cancer cells |
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| Authors: | Kentaro Nobutani Yohei Shimono Midori Yoshida Kiyohito Mizutani Akihiro Minami Seishi Kono Toru Mukohara Takashi Yamasaki Tomoo Itoh Shintaro Takao Hironobu Minami Takeshi Azuma Yoshimi Takai |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, , Chuo‐ku, Kobe, 650‐0047 Japan;2. Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, , Chuo‐ku, Kobe, 650‐0017 Japan;3. Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, , Chuo‐ku, Kobe, 650‐0017 Japan;4. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, , Chuo‐ku, Kobe, 650‐0017 Japan;5. Division of Breast Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, , Chuo‐ku, Kobe, 650‐0017 Japan;6. Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, , Chuo‐ku, Kobe, 650‐0017 Japan;7. Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kobe University Hospital, , Chuo‐ku, Kobe, 650‐0017 Japan |
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| Abstract: | Previous studies using cultured cells showed that primary cilia are present in quiescent cells, but are absent in proliferating cells. We studied here the relationship between the presence or absence of primary cilia and the cell cycle arrest of normal epithelial cells and cancer cells in the human normal breast and breast cancer tissues. In normal breast tissues, although most epithelial cells were nonproliferating as estimated by the immunofluorescence staining of the proliferation marker Ki‐67, primary cilia were present only in 20–40% of the epithelial cells. In breast cancer tissues, primary cilia were not observed in any of the breast cancer cells. Furthermore, primary cilia were hardly observed in the nonproliferating cancer cells in the orthotopic and metastatic human breast cancer xenograft tumors in mice. These results indicate that the absence of primary cilia does not necessarily represent the proliferating phases of normal epithelial cells and cancer cells. |
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