Humoral immune response following the inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccination among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute for HIV/AIDS and STD Prevention and Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China;2. Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;1. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic;1. Chung-Ang University College of Nursing, Seoul, South Korea;2. Chung-Ang University Graduate School Department of Nursing, Seoul, South Korea;1. College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA;2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA;1. Programa Associado de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem UPE/UEPB, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Av. Agamenon Magalhães, s/n, Santo Amaro, Recife, PE 50100-010, Brazil;2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50740-465, Brazil;3. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, UK;4. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Tv. Jackson Pollock - Santo Amaro, Recife, PE 52171-011, Brazil;1. Transport and Road Safety (TARS) Research Centre, School of Aviation, University of New South Wales, Australia;2. Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;3. Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh;4. Child Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh;5. Department of Sociology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh;6. School of Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia;7. Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States;8. Global Health Workforce Network (GHWN), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland;9. School of Mathematics, Physics, and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia;1. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;2. Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China;3. Cancer Center, Daping Hospital & Army Medical Center of PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China;4. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;5. Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundA limited amount of information is available about the immunogenicity of the quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, especially in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodsHIV-infected adults and HIV-uninfected adults received a dose of quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine including strains of H1N1, H3N2, BV and BY. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and hemagglutination-inhibition assay (HAI) were used to determine IgA, IgG antibody concentration and geometric mean titers (GMT) at day 0 and day 28, respectively. Associated factors contributing to seroconversion or GMT changes were analyzed using simple logistic regression model.ResultsA total of 131 HIV-infected and 55 HIV-uninfected subjects were included in the study. In both HIV-infected and uninfected arms, IgG and IgA against influenza A and B all increased significantly at day 28 after receiving QIV (P < 0.001). GMTs of post-vaccination at day 28 showed that HIV-infected persons with CD4 + T cell counts ≤ 350 cells/mm3 were statistically less immunogenic to all strains of QIV than HIV-uninfected ones (P < 0.05). HIV-infected participants with CD4 + T cell counts ≤ 350 cells/mm3 were less likely to achieve seroconversion to QIV (H1N1, BY and BV) than HIV-uninfected individuals at day 28 after vaccination (P < 0.05). Compared with HIV-infected patients with baseline CD4 + T cell counts ≤ 350 cells/mm3, individuals with baseline CD4 + T cell counts > 350 cell/mm3 seemed more likely to generate antibody responses to H1N1 (OR:2.65, 95 %CI: 1.07–6.56) and BY (OR: 3.43, 95 %CI: 1.37–8.63), and showed a higher probability of seroconversion to BY (OR: 3.59, 95 %CI: 1.03–12.48). Compared with nadir CD4 + T cell count ≤ 350 cell/mm3, individuals with nadir CD4 + T cell count > 350 cell/mm3 showed a higher probability of seroconversion to H1N1(OR: 3.15, 95 %CI: 1.14–8.73).ConclusionInfluenza vaccination of HIV-infected adults might be effective despite variable antibody responses. HIV-positive populations with CD4 + T cell counts ≤ 350 are less likely to achieve seroconversion. Further vaccination strategies could be developed for those with low CD4 T cell counts. |
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| Keywords: | Human immunodeficiency virus Quadrivalent influenza vaccine Immunogenicity Vaccine responses |
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