Oral and fecal polio vaccine excretion following bOPV vaccination among Israeli infants |
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| Affiliation: | 1. The Institute for Rare Diseases, Edmond and Lily Safra Children''s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel;2. Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel;3. The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel;4. The Israeli Veterinary Services, Israeli Veterinary Services, Bet Dagan, Israel;5. Preventive Medicine Branch, IDF Medical Corps, Israel;6. Tel Aviv Department of Health, Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv, Israel;7. Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel;8. Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel;9. Pediatric Department and Infectious Disease Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel;10. Mayanei Hayeshuah Medical Center, Bnei Brak, Israel;1. Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Paris, France;1. Fondazione IRCCS Ca'' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Milan, Italy;2. Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy;3. Fondazione IRCCS Ca'' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Microbiology Unit, Milan, Italy;4. Department of Pediatrics, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy;5. Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy;6. Fondazione IRCCS Ca'' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Milan, Italy;1. College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA;2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA;1. Institute of Clinical Evaluation of Vaccines, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. No. 172, Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, China;2. Clinical Research Department Center, Sinovac Life Science Co., Ltd. No. 21, Tianfu Street, Daxing Biomedicine Industrial Base, Zhongguancun Science Park, Daxing District, Beijing 102629, China;3. Quality Assurance Department, Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd, No. 39, Shangdi West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China;4. Clinical Research Department Center, Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd, No. 39, Shangdi West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China;5. Project Office, Pizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 72, Fuzhou Road, Pizhou City, Xuzhou 221000, China;6. Novel Coronavirus Vaccine Department, Sinovac Life Science Co., Ltd. No. 21, Tianfu Street, Daxing Biomedicine Industrial Base, Zhongguancun Science Park, Daxing District, Beijing 102629, China;7. Medicine Outpatient Department, Guanyun County Center for Disease Control and Prevention Preventive, No.1, Xihuan North Road, Guanyun County, Lianyungang City, 222200, China;8. International Registration Department, Sinovac Life Science Co., Ltd. No. 21, Tianfu Street, Daxing Biomedicine Industrial Base, Zhongguancun Science Park, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, China;9. Institute of Clinical Evaluation of Vaccines, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. No. 172, Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionInactivated polio virus (IPV) vaccinations are a mainstay of immunization schedules in developed countries, while oral polio vaccine (OPV) is administered in developing countries and is the main vaccine in outbreaks. Due to circulating wild poliovirus (WPV1) detection in Israel (2013), oral bivalent polio vaccination (bOPV) was administered to IPV primed children and incorporated into the vaccination regimen.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the extent and timeframe of fecal and salivary polio vaccine virus (Sabin strains) shedding following bOPV vaccination among IPV primed children.MethodsFecal samples were collected from a convenience sample of infants and toddlers attending 11 Israeli daycare centers. Salivary samples were collected from infants and toddlers following bOPV vaccination.Results398 fecal samples were collected from 251 children (ages: 6–32 months), 168 received bOPV vaccination 4–55 days prior to sample collection. Fecal excretion continued among 80 %, 50 %, and 20 %, 2, 3, and 7 weeks following vaccination. There were no significant differences in the rate and duration of positive samples among children immunized with 3 or 4 IPV doses. Boys were 2.3-fold more likely to excrete the virus (p = 0.006). Salivary shedding of Sabin strains occurred in 1/47 (2 %) and 1/49 (2 %) samples 4, and 6 days following vaccination respectively.ConclusionsFecal detection of Sabin strains among IPV-primed children continues for 7 weeks; additional doses of IPV do not augment intestinal immunity; limited salivary shedding occurs for up to a week. This data can enhance understanding of intestinal immunity achieved by different vaccination schedules and guide recommendations for contact precautions of children following bOPV vaccination. |
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| Keywords: | Bivalent oral polio vaccine (bOPV) Immunization Fecal shedding Salivary excretion Polio outbreak Surveillance |
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