Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against infection in Japan: A test-negative study from the VENUS study |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan;2. Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan;3. Division of Statistics and Data Science, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan;4. Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan;1. College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA;2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA;1. Departmentof Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy;2. ScientificAdvisor of UNESCO CHAIR “Anthropology of Health – Biosphere and Healing System”, Italy;3. University Museum System of Siena (Simus), History of Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy;1. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic;1. Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States;2. Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States;3. Immunization Safety Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States;4. Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States;5. Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, United States;6. Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States;7. Kaiser Permanente Southern California Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, United States;8. Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, United States;9. HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, MN, United States;10. Denver Health, Denver, CO, United States;1. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India;2. International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundAlthough the effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines is a crucial public health concern, evidence from Western Pacific countries is limited, including Japan. This study aimed to estimate the COVID-19 vaccines effectiveness (VE) against infection during the Delta variant predominance (July–September 2021) in Japan.MethodsWe performed a test-negative study using COVID-19 test data of ≥20-year-old residents in four municipalities who were tested in medical institutions between July 1 and September 30, 2021. We extracted COVID-19 test data from healthcare claims data, and the vaccination status at the testing date was ascertained using the Vaccination Record System data. Confirmed positive cases were identified using data from the national system for COVID-19, Health Center Real-time Information-sharing System on COVID-19. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the odds of testing positive according to vaccination status. VE was calculated as (1 ? odds ratio) × 100%.ResultsThis study included 530 positive and 15,650 negative results. Adjusted manufacturer-unspecified VE was 4.1% (95% confidence interval CI], ?36.5–32.6) at 0–13 days after the first dose, 45.2% (95% CI, 13.4–65.3) at ≥14 days after the first dose, 85.2% (95% CI, 69.9–92.7) at 0–13 days after the second dose, and 79.6% (95% CI, 72.6–84.8) at ≥14 days after the second dose. In addition, the VE after the second dose was highest at 14–34 days after the dose (VE, 89.1%; 95% CI, 80.5–93.9).ConclusionsHigh real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, especially two doses, against infection during the Delta variant predominance in Japan was confirmed. |
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| Keywords: | SARS-CoV-2 B 1 617 2 Variants of concern Vaccination Test-negative |
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