Updated estimate of the annual direct medical cost of screening and treatment for human papillomavirus associated disease in the United States |
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| Institution: | 1. Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA, USA;2. Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention & Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA, USA;3. Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA, USA;1. Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;2. Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;3. Health Data Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;4. Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;5. Department of Mathematics National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;1. Departament of History and Philosophy of Medical Science, Medical University of Gdańsk, Juliana Tuwima 15, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;2. Institute of History and Archival Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bojarskiego 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;3. 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, Powstańców Warszawy 5, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland;1. State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;2. World Organisation for Animal Health Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China;3. Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China;4. Laboratory, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430015, China;1. Department of Health Law, Policy, & Management, Boston University, School of Public Health, United States;2. Network Science Institute at Northeastern University, and Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics, and Policy at Harvard University, United States;3. Program in Health Policy (Political Analysis), Harvard University, United States |
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| Abstract: | The annual direct medical cost attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV) in the United States over the period 2004–2007 was estimated at $9.36 billion in 2012 (updated to 2020 dollars). The purpose of this report was to update that estimate to account for the impact of HPV vaccination on HPV-attributable disease, reductions in the frequency of cervical cancer screening, and new data on the cost per case of treating HPV-attributable cancers. Based primarily on data from the literature, we estimated the annual direct medical cost burden as the sum of the costs of cervical cancer screening and follow-up and the cost of treating HPV-attributable cancers, anogenital warts, and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). We estimated the total direct medical cost of HPV to be $9.01 billion annually over the period 2014–2018 (2020 U.S. dollars). Of this total cost, 55.0% was for routine cervical cancer screening and follow-up, 43.8% was for treatment of HPV-attributable cancer, and less than 2% was for treating anogenital warts and RRP. Although our updated estimate of the direct medical cost of HPV is slightly lower than the previous estimate, it would have been substantially lower had we not incorporated more recent, higher cancer treatment costs. |
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| Keywords: | Human papillomavirus Cost Screening Health economics Cervical cancer Intraepithelial neoplasia |
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