Jaundice

Jaundice is the clinical finding of yellow discolouration of the body tissues usually observed in the skin secondary to excess bilirubin in the serum (hyperbilirubinemia). Jaundice occurs due to an imbalance between production and clearance of bilirubin; therefore, it is important to understand the pathophysiology of jaundice to understand its aetiology. Clinically a careful history, physical examination, together with appropriate urine and blood tests will guide further investigations to obtain an appropriate diagnosis. Often the pathophysiological effects of jaundice and the underlying aetiology can cause sepsis, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and clotting abnormalities. It is therefore important to assess and address associated effects to reduce morbidity prior to instituting any treatment plan. Treatment plans often involve specialists from the multidisciplinary team.