哈尔滨市3~7岁孤独症谱系障碍儿童气质特征

探讨孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)儿童与正常儿童气质特点及差异,为早期发现ASD儿童及制定个性化治疗方案提供依据.方法 采用病例对照的研究方法,应用3~7岁儿童气质问卷(Behavioral Style Questionnaire,BSQ)对哈尔滨市129名ASD儿童和129名正常儿童进行评估.结果 ASD组儿童"活动水平""趋避性""适应性""情绪本质""坚持性""反应阈"气质维度得分均高于对照组儿童,而"节律性""反应强度"气质维度得分均低于对照组儿童(P值均<0.05);ASD组儿童"注意分散度"高于对照组儿童,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).在ASD和正常对照组儿童中,各气质类型所占比例分别为"易养型"(41.8%,62.8%)、"偏易养型"(31.8%,27.9%)、"偏难养型"(17.1%,6.2%)、"启动缓慢型"(7.7%,2.3%)、"难养型"(1.6%,0.8%),ASD组儿童"易养型"比例低于对照组儿童,而"偏易养型""偏难养型""难养型""启动缓慢型"比例高于对照组儿童(P值均<0.05).结论 ASD儿童气质类型与正常儿童存在明显差别,气质类型评估有助于早期发现ASD儿童并为其行为矫正提供参考.

Case-control study on temperament characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorders aged 3-7 years old in Harbin

Objective To explore the differences of temperament characteristics between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and normal children, and to provide evidence for early detection of ASD children and the development of personalized treatment plans. Methods In this case-control study, we enrolled 129 ASD children and 129 normal children aged 3-7 years. The Behavioral Style Questionnaire (BSQ) scale was used to assess the temperament. Results ASD children got higher scores in terms of "activity level", "withdrawal", "adaptability", "emotional nature", "persistence", and "response threshold" temperament dimensionality scores (P<0.05), and lower scores in terms of "rhythmical", "response intensity" temperament dimensionality scores than normal children (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in "attention dispersiveness" between ASD group and control group (P>0.05). Among the children in the ASD and control group, the proportion of each temperament type was "easy to raise temperament type" (41.8% vs 62.8%), "partially easy to raise temperament type" (31.8% vs 27.9%), "partially difficult to raise temperament type" (17.1% vs 6.2%), "slow-up-to-warm temperament type" (7.7% vs 2.3%) and "difficult to raise temperament type" (1.6% vs 0.8%).Statistical analysis showed that the rate of "easy to raise temperament type" was lower than that in normal children (P<0.05), while the rates of "partially easy to raise temperament type", "partially difficult to raise temperament type", "difficult to raise temperament type", and "slow-up-to-warm temperament type" in ASD children were higher (P<0.05). Conclusion There was significant difference in temperament characteristics between ASD children and normal children. The evaluation of temperament type contributes to early detection of ASD children and provides a reference for their behavioral correction.