家庭因素对学龄前儿童不良进食习惯的影响

目的了解学龄前儿童不良进食习惯现状及其家庭影响因素,为预防学龄前儿童不良进食习惯的发生提供参考。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取乌鲁木齐市7所幼儿园1 070名3～6岁儿童,应用儿童家庭一般资料调查问卷、儿童饮食行为问题筛查评估问卷及3～6岁儿童家庭养育环境量表进行调查。结果学龄前儿童不良进食习惯检出率为32.71%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,学龄前儿童不良进食习惯与儿童年龄(β=-0.32,95%CI=0.62～0.86)、性别(β=-0.33,95%CI=0.53～0.97)、母亲文化程度(β=0.94,95%CI=1.79～3.68)、家庭类型(β=0.64,95%CI=1.41～2.52)及家庭养育环境中社会适应/自理、环境气氛维度得分(β=-0.07,95%CI=0.90～0.97;β=-0.21,95%CI=0.76～0.87)均呈负性相关。学龄前儿童不良进食习惯受儿童年龄、性别、母亲文化程度、家庭类型、家庭养育环境中社会适应/自理及环境氛围维度的影响。结论儿童进食习惯的培养应更关注年龄较小的儿童及男童,加大对文化程度较低的母亲及主干家庭中儿童照顾者关于儿童饮食行为培养方面的健康教育;积极改善家庭养育环境,以防止儿童不良进食习惯的发生。

Impacts of household factors on unhealthy dietary habits of preschool children

Objective To understand the current situation and impacts of household factors on of unheahhy dietary habits among preschool children,and to provide reference for preventing the occurrence of unhealthy dietary habits of preschool children. Methods By using stratified random cluster sampling method,the study selected 1 070 children aged 3-6 years in 7 kindergartens in Urumqi.Household general information ,children's dietary behavior and parenting environment was collected through parent questionnaire survey.Results The prevalence rate of unhealthy dietary habits among preschool children was 32.71%.Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that the unhealthy dietary habits of preschool children were negatively correlated to the following factors,including age of children [β=-0.32,95%CI=(0.62,0.86)],gender[β=-0.33,95%C[=(0.53,0.97)],educational level of mothers [β=0.94,95%CI=(1.79,3.68)],type of fanmily [β=0.64,95%CI=(1.414,2.522)]and the scores of social ad- aptation/self-care and environmental atmosphere in the family nurturing environment [β=-0.07,95%CI=(0.90,0.97);β=-0.21, 95%CI=(0.76,0.87)].Conclusion The cultivation of the dietary habits should pay more attention on younger children and boys, and the enhancement of health education on the children's eating behaviors among mothers with lower education background and the primary child caregivers in the stem family.Family nurturing environment should be actively improved,in order to prevent the occurrence of children's unhealthy dietary habits.