深圳市2014—2018年市售淡水产品兽药残留分析

目的 对2014—2018年深圳市市售淡水产品进行兽药残留监测,分析其超标情况及逐年变化趋势,掌握淡水产品安全风险状况,为全市开展食品安全风险监测工作提供科学依据。方法 按照GB/T 19857-2005、GB/T 22338-2008、SC/T 3019-2004、SN/T 0197-2014、GB/T 21311-2007及GB/T 21312-2007中的方法,检测淡水产品中20种兽药残量,分析其在不同年份、样品类别、采样地区及采样环节方面的残留情况。结果 5年共监测610份市售淡水产品,有79份兽药残留超标,超标率为12.95%,其中2015年超标率最高,为28.00%,5年间差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;不同兽药种类中,孔雀石绿超标率最高,为5.90%,其差异具有统计学意义（ P<0.001）;不同样品类别中,鳜鱼超标率最高,为35.71%,其差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）;三个不同采样环节兽药残留超标率存在显著性差异（P<0.05）。结论 深圳市市售淡水产品存在一定程度的兽药残留问题,加强对淡水产品中兽药残留的监测,从养殖、运输、加工、储存以及销售等过程进行规范,禁止使用违禁药及减少兽药的使用,保障淡水产品食品安全。

Veterinary drug residues in freshwater products sold in Shenzhen, 2014- 2018

Objective To monitor the veterinary drug residues of the freshwater products in Shenzhen from 2014 to 2018, we analyze the over-standard conditions and the trend of change year by year, master the safety risk status of the freshwater products, and provide scientific basis for the regulators to carry out food safety risk monitoring. Methods The methods of detecting the veterinary drug residues is basis on GB/T 19857-2005, GB/T 22338-2008, SC/T 3019-2004, SN/T 0197-2014, GB/T 21311-2007, GB/T 21312-2007. And 20 kinds of veterinary drugs residues of the freshwater products are analyzed in different year, species, sampling districts and sampling sections. Results A total of 79 out of 610 freshwater products were over-standard, with an over-standard rate of 12.95%, of which the highest rate exceeded the standard rate of 28.00% in 2015, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).Among the different species of veterinary drugs, the highest rate of Malachite green exceeded 5.90%, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).Among different sample categories, the highest rate of raw fish exceeded 35.71%, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). There was a significant difference in the excess rate of veterinary drug residues inthree different sampling sections (P<0.05).Conclusion There are some veterinary drug residues of freshwater products in Shenzhen. To ensure food safety, it is urgent to strengthen the monitoring of veterinary drug residues in freshwater products, regulate the processes of breeding, transportation, processing, storage and sales, prohibit the use of illicit drugs and reduce the use of veterinary drugs.