肠道菌群和免疫检查点抑制剂治疗关系研究进展

近年来，肠道菌群在免疫检查点抑制剂（immune checkpoint inhibitors，ICI）治疗中的地位得到广泛认可，是当前免疫治疗的研究热点之一。肠道菌群可通过促进机体免疫系统发育，塑造肿瘤免疫环境，并且可能关联其他免疫生物标志物如肿瘤突变负荷、肿瘤新生抗原、微卫星不稳定，影响ICI治疗最终疗效。因此，通过对肠道菌群准确有效的干预，提高免疫治疗的疗效成为肠道菌群临床转化研究的重点。目前以肠道菌群为治疗靶点，借助抗生素、粪便移植、口服益生菌等手段来提高ICI疗效，减少免疫相关不良反应的治疗方式值得深入研究，但临床仍面临较多问题。为此，本文就肠道菌群与ICI治疗间的关系进行综述。 

Progress in understanding the relationship between gut microbiota and immune checkpoint inhibitors

In recent years, the role of intestinal flora in immune checkpoint inhibition has been widely recognized, and it is one of the research hotspots in immunotherapy. Current studies have shown that intestinal flora affects the final efficacy of immunotherapy by promoting the modulation of the body's immune system, shaping the tumor immune environment, and correlating with other immune biomarkers such as tumor mutational burden(TMB), tumor neoantigen burden(TNB), and microsatellite instability(MSI). Therefore, improving the efficacy of immunotherapy through accurate and effective intervention via the intestinal flora has become the focus of clinical intervention. At present, it is desirable to use antibiotics, fecal transplantation, oral probiotics, and other means to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and reduce immune-related adverse reactions. However, the clinical practice still faces challenges. Thus, this review examines the relationship between gut microbiota and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.