中国寄宿与走读中小学生宏量营养素摄入比较

目的了解中国寄宿与走读中小学生宏量营养素的摄入差异,为相应政策和干预措施的制定提供科学依据。方法使用"中国健康与营养调查"数据,并以《中国居民膳食营养素摄入量速查手册(2013版)》为参照,采用多水平模型探讨宏量营养素在寄宿与走读生间的差异。结果学生日均能量、碳水化合物、总脂肪和蛋白质摄入量分别为(1 597.59±557.15)kcal(1 kcal=4.18 kJ),(216.2±84.66)g,(57.88±31.96)g,(52.69±21.2)g。能量、碳水化合物和蛋白质摄入达标率分别为17.32%,84.17%和50.30%。寄宿生能量、碳水化合物摄入绝对量高于走读生,但摄入达标率组间(15.09%,87.28%;17.54%,83.86%)差异无统计学意义(χ^2值分别为0.85,1.19,P值均>0.05);寄宿生脂肪和蛋白质摄入绝对量与走读生差异无统计学意义,但蛋白质摄入达标率低于走读生(34.91%,51.82%)(χ^2=4.45,P<0.01)。结论寄宿与走读中小学生膳食常量营养素摄入不均衡,能量摄入不足和寄宿生蛋白质摄入达标率过低的问题更为突出。应特别加强针对寄宿生的营养教育。

A comparative analysis of macronutrients intakes between resident and boarder-students

Objective To investigate the differences in the intake of macronutrients between boarders and resident students in China, and to provide a scientific reference for relevant policies and preventive measures. Methods The difference of macronutrients level between boarders and resident students were analyzed with the multilevel model(MLM) by using the data from Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey and the indicators of Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes(DRIs) 2013. Results The daily intake of energy, carbohydrate, fat and protein were(1 597.59±557.15)kcal,(216.2±84.66)g,(57.88±31.96)g,(52.69±21.2)g respectively, with a rate of meeting DRIs of 17.32%, 84.17%, 50.30% for energy, carbohydrate and protein. There were significant differences in amount of energy, carbohydrate between boarders and resident students, but no significant difference in rate of meeting DRIs(15.09%, 87.28%, 17.54%, 83.86%, P>0.05). No difference in the amount of fat and protein intake between boarders and resident students, but the protein rate of meeting DRIs among resident students was significantly lower than that in boarders(34.91% vs 51.82%,χ^2=4.45, P<0.01). Conclusion The results revealed an imbalanced intake of macronutrients among primary and secondary school students, which highlight the insufficiency in energy intake and the worse meeting rate of DRIs for protein among resident-student. The nutritional education targeting at boarder-students should be strengthened.