安徽省六安市2013—2016年各类食品中重金属铅镉暴露量及风险评估

目的 通过监测2013—2016年安徽省六安市市售各类食品,对样品检测数据中铅、镉的平均值、检出率、超标率等进行分析,并依据检出数据参照风险评估模型对重金属铅、镉的人体健康危害的风险进行评估,为六安市食品监测和风险管控提供依据。方法 依据安徽省食品风险监测方案,采集六安市市售食品包括谷物类、蔬菜类、水产类、水果类和肉类检测分析,采用石墨炉原子分光光度法测定铅、镉重金属元素的含量,依据美国环境保护局（USEPA）推荐健康风险模型评价法,对六安市各类食品中重金属铅、镉元素的健康风险进行定量评估。结果 2013—2016年共采集324份市售主要食品样品中,铅含量均值为0.034 mg/kg,总检出率为36.7%,总超标率为3.9%;镉含量均值为 0.030 mg/kg,总检出率为59.0%,总超标率为0.7%。各类食品中重金属铅的健康风险为谷物类>蔬菜类>水产类>水果类>肉类,相对应风险值分别为0.130 0、0.096 3、0.003 8、0.001 9、0.001 6;重金属镉的健康风险为谷物类>蔬菜类>肉类>水产类>水果类,相对应风险值分别为0.516 0、0.101 1、0.065 8、0.007 6、0.000 9。结论 六安市市售食品除了部分样本受到重金属铅、镉污染外,总体膳食摄入风险处于安全水平,居民通过膳食途径摄入重金属铅、镉的非致癌健康风险（THQ<1）处于可接受范围。

The exposure and risk assessment of heavy metals lead and cadmium in all kinds of food,Lu′an,Anhui, 2013-2016

Objective By monitoring all kinds of food sold in Lu′an City from 2013 to 2016, the mean value, detection rate and excess rate of lead and cadmium in the sample detected data were analyzed, and the risk of human health hazards of heavy metals lead and cadmium were evaluated according to the detected data and referring to the risk assessment model, so as to provide a basis for food monitoring and risk control in Lu′an City. Methods The food sold in Lu′an City mainly included cereals, vegetables, aquatic products, fruits, meat were collected to accept detection according to the food risk monitoring program of Anhui Province. The content of lead and cadmium heavy metals elements were determined by graphite furnace atomic spectrophotometry. According to the health risk model evaluation method recommended by the USEPA, the health risk of heavy metals lead and cadmium in food in Lu′an City was quantitatively evaluated. Results A total of 324 samples were collected in market-sold food from 2013 to 2016, the average content of lead was 0.034 mg/kg, the detection rate was 36.7%, the exceeding rate was 3.9%; the average content of cadmium was 0.030 mg/kg, the detection rate was 59.0%, the exceeding rate was 0.7% . The health risks of heavy metal lead in all kinds of food were cereals>vegetables>aquatic products>fruits>meat, the corresponding risk values were 0.130 0, 0.096 3, 0.003 8, 0.001 9 and 0.001 6, respectively; the health risks of heavy metal cadmium in all kinds of food were cereals>vegetables>meat>aquatic products>fruits, the corresponding risk values were 0.516 0, 0.101 1, 0.065 8, 0.007 6 and 0.000 9, respectively. Conclusion In addition to some samples of food sold in Lu′an City contaminated by heavy metals like lead and cadmium, the overall risk of dietary intake is at a safe level, and the non-carcinogenic health risks (THQ<1) of heavy metals like lead and cadmium ingested by residents through dietary intake are within the acceptable range.