食管癌高发地区居民食管癌认知情况及饮食偏好

目的 分析成都市食管癌高发地区居民食管癌认知情况及其饮食偏好。方法 采用简单随机抽样方法对四川省成都市青白江区居民进行问卷调查,内容包括调查对象基本情况、食管癌相关知识和饮食偏好,并对调查结果进行描述分析。结果 本研究共调查486名成都市青白江区20岁及以上居民,男性257人,女性229人,分别占52.88%、47.12%,以40~59岁为主,占51.03%,文化程度以小学及以下为主,占39.92%,已婚者占52.67%,家庭月均收入4 000~7 999元占37.86%,城镇和乡村分别占48.56%、51.44%。调查对象的食管癌知识知晓率为60.91%（296/486）。不同年龄、不同文化程度、城镇和农村调查对象食管癌知晓率差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。正确率最高（61.73%）的为知晓本地为食管癌高发地区。202人（占41.56%）喜食硬食,253人（占52.06%）喜食咸食,190人（占39.34%）喜食烫食,238人（占48.97%）喜快速进食。文化程度越高,喜食硬食、喜食咸食、喜食烫食、喜快速进食所占比例越低,农村居民喜食硬食、喜食咸食、喜食烫食比例均高于城镇居民（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论 食管癌高发地区居民对食管癌相关知识的认知水平较低,不良饮食习惯问题较为突出,尤其是农村居民。

Cognition of esophageal cancer and dietary preference among residents in areas with high incidence of esophageal cancer

Objective To understand the cognition of esophageal cancer and dietary preference of residents in areas with high incidence of esophageal cancer in Chengdu. Methods A simple random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on residents of Qingbaijiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province. The content included the basic conditions of the subjects, esophageal cancer related knowledge and dietary preferences. Results A total of 486 residents aged 20 and over in Qingbaijiang District, Chengdu City were surveyed, including 257 males （52.88%） and 229 females （47.12%）. Of the participants, 51.03% were aged 40-59, 39.92% had the education level at primary school or below, 52.67% were married, 37.86% had the per capita monthly household income of 4 000-7 999 Yuan, 48.56% lived in towns and 51.44%, in villages. The awareness rate of esophageal cancer knowledge was 60.91% （296/486）. There were significant differences in the awareness rate of esophageal cancer among different ages, education levels, and urban and rural subjects （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. The highest rate of accuracy （61.73%） was knowing that the local area with high incidence of esophageal cancer. Of the 486 residents, 202 （41.56%） preferred hard food, 253 （52.06%） preferred salty food, 190 （39.34%） preferred hot food, and 238 （48.97%） preferred eating fast. The higher the education level, the lower the proportion of persons who liked eating hard food, eating salty food, eating hot food, and eating fast. The proportions of rural residents who liked hard food, salty food, and hot food were higher than those of urban residents （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Conclusion The residents in areas with high incidence of esophageal cancer have a low level of knowledge about esophageal cancer, and the problem of unhealthy eating habits is more prominent, especially in rural area.