甲醛对从业工人外周血淋巴细胞的遗传学效应

甲醛(FA)是一种诱变剂,同时也是一种人类的可疑致癌剂。在多种体外诱变试验中都得到了阳性结果,在啮齿动物中,FA可以引起鼻腔部和鼻咽部癌。对上海石化总厂生产过程中接触FA的21名男性工人进行了染色体分析,14名非生产工人作为对照。FA生产环境中的空气浓度年平均为2.51mg/m3。结果与对照组比较,SCE没有显著改变,而染色体的畸变率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。畸变类型包括单体型和染色体型两种,主要是单体断裂、无着丝点断片、双着丝点和非整倍体。证明FA是一种染色体断裂剂。我国1979年颁发的FA空气中最高容许浓度3mg/m3对长期职业接触FA的人群而言,仍是不安全的。

Cytogenetic Effects on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Workers Occupationally Exposed to Formaldehyde

It is well known that formaldehyde (FA) is a mutagen and mammalian carcinogen. But several studies on cytogenetic effects of FA on exposed workers showed inconsistent results.We have analysed the lymphocyte chromosomes of 21 male workers occupationally exposed to FA in Shanghai Petrochemical Complex and compared with 14 unexposed persons employed in same complex. The results showed that SCE rate of exposed group was not increased, but the chromosome aberrations, including both chromatid-type and chromosome-type (chromatid breaks, acentric fragments, dicentries chromosomes and aneuploidies ) on peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers occupationally exposed to formaldehyde were significantly increased (P<0.05)