金属矿山和瓷厂的粉尘及有害因素

本文为研究金属矿工和瓷厂作业工人的肺癌病因,对4类金属矿(钨、锡,铜、铁)和9个瓷厂作业环境的粉尘,30种化学元素、放射性氡子体、γ射线和17种多环芳烃(PAH)等有害因素作了现场测定,并对各厂矿的历史测尘资料进行了整理分析。结果发现粉尘浓度早期以钨矿为最高。自70年代开始,钨矿降为最低。但游离SiO_2含量以钨矿最高,瓷厂次之,铁矿最低。瓷厂粉尘分散度比矿尘低。元素结果表明,砷、镉以锡矿最高:铁、镍以铁矿最高,这些被认为致癌物和可疑致癌物元素,可能成为矿工的致癌因素之一。井下氡子体仅铜矿超标,故铜矿工肺癌高发可能受氡暴露的影响。PAH 以井下使用柴油铲运机的锡矿、铜矿、铁矿为最高。但因其接触时间不长,其致癌作用还需进一步观察。

Dust and Other Hazard Factors in the Metal Mines and Pottery Factories

In order to study the causes of lung cancer among workers in metal minesand pottery factories,dust,30 kinds of elements,radon,gamma radiation and17 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH)in the work places wereinvestigated.The results demonstrated that dust concentration in tungstenmine was the highest before 1970.The free silica content was found to be thehighest in tungsten mine,the next in pottery factories and the lowest in ironmine.The levels of As,Cd were high in tin mine,and Ni was high in iron mine.Underground Rn exceeded the standard only in copper mine.PAH in under-ground mines were found to be elevated in tin,copper and iron mines wherethe diesel machine was used but the exposure time was not long enough tocause disease.