胎膜早破的危险因素及其对妊娠结局的影响

目的：探讨胎膜早破的病因及其对妊娠结局的影响。方法：2007年1月至2008年12月在山西医科大学第一临床医院住院分娩的胎膜早破孕妇283例为胎膜早破组，与同期住院分娩的孕妇2265例为对照组进行回顾性分析。结果：283例胎膜早破孕妇中孕前或孕期合并感染者、宫腔手术史、双胎、头盆不称、胎位异常、宫颈内口松弛、营养不良的发生率均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；剖宫产、产后出血、产褥感染、胎儿窘迫、早产、新生儿窒息和肺炎的发生率均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：胎膜早破原因较多，对母婴危害极大，故应加强孕前宣教、孕期定期检查、积极治疗和预防生殖道感染、保证足量营养素摄入等可降低胎膜早破的发生率，提高母婴安全性。

Influence on Pregnancy Outcome of the Risk Factors of Premature Rupture of Membranes

Objective ： To investigate the etiology of premature rupture of membranes and the influence on pregnancy outcome. Methods：Two hundred and eighty-three pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes who had delivered in hospital in the First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2007 to December 2008 were assigned to be a premature rupture of membranes group and 2265 pregnant women who had delivered in hospital contemporaneously were assigned to be a control group so as to be analyzed retrospectively. Results：The incidence of pregnant women with complicated infection before pregnancy or during pregnancy, the intrauterine surgical history, twins, cephalo- pelvic disproportion, abnormal fetal position, cervical internal relaxation and malnutrition in 283 cases of premature rupture of membranes was higher than that of the control group and the difference had statistical significance （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The incidence of pregnant women with cesarean section, postpartum hemorrhage, puerperal infection, fetal distress, premature birth, neonatal asphyxia and pneumonia was higher than that of the control group and the difference had statisti- cal significance （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion ： Premature rupture of membranes may be caused by many reasons and it has extremely harmful to the mother and infant. It is important to enhance pre-pregnancy education, regular inspection during pregnancy, active treatment, prevention of reproductive tract infections and assurance of adequate nutrient intake so as to reduce the incidence of premature rupture of membranes and improve the safety of the mother and infant.