家兔双光气中毒后急性肺水肿的组织学和超微结构改变

以LC_(50)双光气中毒家兔,其急性肺水肿过程的形态改变,主要为:支气管上皮下水肿,肺泡壁间质水肿和内皮细胞损伤,及肺泡管、细支气管周围肺泡纤维蛋白渗出。肺泡壁间质液体进入肺泡的途径,仍待深入研究。

Histological and Ultrastructural Changes of Acute Pulmonary Edema in Rabbits Following Exposure to Diphosgene

Twenty adult rabbits were exposed to LCt50 diphosgene in 5 separate batches, with 4 animals in each batch. Another 5 rabbits were used as controls. The duration of exposure was 20 min. Animals in each batch were killed immediately, 2, 4 and 8 h after the exposure, respectively. Routine techniques for the light and electron microscopes were applied in preparation of lung tissues. The main changes were as follows: 1) Subepithelial edema. Papillomatous protrusions of the edema-tous mucosa of larger bronchi were found in severe cases. Ultrastructurally, fluid accumulated beneath the epithelial cells of the bronchioles immediately after exposure. The cause of this accumulation was unknown. 2) Pulmonary edema. Under an electron microscope, it was found that at 4 and 8 h, the highly accumulated fluid pushed the cytoplasmic layer of the endothelial cells into the lumens of capillaries forming irregular "blebs" . In addition, a great number of pinocytotic vesicles showed that the alveolar wall edema was accompanied with injury of endothelial cells. 3) Alveolar fibrin deposition. The alveoli surrounding the alveolar ducts and the bronchioles were filled with fibrin deposition. This might be due to the direct injury by diphosgene.