簇鬃客蚤对宿主侵袭能力的实验观察

目的研究准噶尔盆地鼠疫自然疫源地主要宿主大沙鼠体外寄生蚤的主体成分簇鬃客蚤对宿主的侵袭能力。方法观察簇鬃客蚤的吸血能力、跳跃能力和对人的侵袭能力。结果不同时间段簇鬃客蚤雌雄间饱血比率无统计学差异(χ2=0.578,P0.05),簇鬃客蚤60 min饱血比率可达50%以上,120 min可全部饱血,簇鬃客蚤雌性吸血量为(0.05±0.02)μl,不同时间段簇鬃客蚤雌雄间血液完全消化的比率有统计学差异(χ2=5.190,P0.05),雄性血液消化速率较雌性快,雄性第12 h、雌性第13 h完成血液消化,第11 h有约50%的蚤完成血液消化,簇鬃客蚤吸血过程中的吸血活动频次为(1.6±0.3)次/h;簇鬃客蚤最大跳跃高度为9 cm,最小跳跃高度为3.5 cm;簇鬃客蚤对人类的侵袭率为30%,雌、雄间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.159,P0.05)。结论簇鬃客蚤饥饿状态下会侵袭人类,且其吸血量较高、消化时间较快、吸血频次较高,加之其具备较高的跳跃能力,因此准噶尔盆地鼠疫自然疫源地内感染鼠疫菌的簇鬃客蚤对人类具有相当大的威胁,应当加强该疫区媒介昆虫的常规监测。

Experimental observations on infestation ability of Xenopsylla skrjabini on hosts

Objective To explore infestation ability of Xenopsylla skrjabini on hosts, the main parasitic flea on Rhombo- rays opimus which was the important host in the plague natural foci in the Junggar Basin. Methods The sucking ability, jumping ability, and infestation ability ofXenopsylla skrjabini on human were observed. Results The ratio of sucking full was higher than 50% in 60 minutes and up to 100% in 120 minutes with no significant difference between the female and male in different periods （X^2=0.578,P〉0.05）. The volume of sucking full was （0.05±0.02） μl. The female could digest com- pletely in 12 hours and the male in 13 hours, the ratio of digesting completely was about 50% in 11 hours. The male digested quicker than the female with significant difference in different periods（X^2=5.190,P〈0.05）. The sucking frequency was （1.6A 0.3）/h. The maximum height of jumping was 9 cm and the minimum height was 3.5 cm. The infestation ratio on humans was 30% with no significant difference between the female and male （X^2=0.159, P〉0.05）. Conclusions Xenopsylla skrjabini could infest human under the condition of hunger. Therefore the infected Xenopsylla skrjabini with Yersinia pestis is a great danger to human. We should reinforce the regular surveillance of insect vectors in the loci.